Womens Role During World War II :: essays papers

Womens Role during WWll World War II was the biggest and most brutal equipped clash throughout the entire existence of humankind. It has influenced a large number of individuals around the globe both, legitimately and in a roundabout way. Despite the fact that half of a century isolates us from the remarkable occasion, it left appalling recollections particularly in the individuals who saw, felt and experienced World War II which was pursued ashore, on ocean, and noticeable all around everywhere throughout the earth for roughly six years. Regardless of whether it’s a fight, medical clinic, or holocaust, there are such a significant number of stories from the survivors, who can show us about the calling of arms, yet in addition about military arrangements, worldwide systems and joined activities in the alliance war against despotism. My interviewee experienced a great deal during World War II and sharing her astonishing story left me assessing her words for quite a while, reconsidering and still not ready to envision the torment. She was one of the 150,000 American lady served in the Women’s Army Corps during the war years. They were one of the initial ones to serve in the positions of the United States Army. She was prodded a great deal about being a young lady in a uniform yet was extremely pleased with it. Ladies at long last were allowed the chance to make a significant commitment to the national issue, particularly a universal war. It began with a gathering in1941 of Congresswoman Edith Nourse Rogers and General George Marshall, who was the Army’s Chief of Staff. Rogers requested that General acquaint a bill with build up an Army women’s corps, where my interviewee, Elizabeth Plancher, was truly planning to get the advantages after the World War II alongside other ladies. ( Since after W orld War I ladies returned from war and were not qualified for security or any health advantages. ) Mrs. Plancher was a solid willed lady, devoted to her objectives. She was trusting that this day will occur and it did at long last creation numerous ladies upbeat. The bill was presented in May, 1941. From the outset it neglected to get thought yet General assisted with getting the bill through the congress. After all the desk work, â€Å"auditions† were passed. Candidates must be between 20-40. Elizabeth was 22 around then. She was 5'4, around 120 lbs which fit the position. Just 1,000 ladies were acknowledged into the extraordinary Women's Army Auxiliary Corps ( WAAC).

The Split Brain: Some Thoughts :: Biology Essays Research Papers

The Split Brain: Some Thoughts Left, right, left, right- - the walking tune of the two-mind development. To hear them talk, you'd feel that everybody had a subsequent brain, stifled by the first. That the vocal left cerebrum ruled the poor masterful right mind. Keeping it from getting an inventive idea in edgewise. Before long there will be a cognizance raising development: Stop alluding to one side cerebral half of the globe as the prevailing one. Concoct an increasingly libertarian term like co-executive. Co-chairhemisphere? William H. Calvin, Left Brain, Right Brain: Science or the New Phrenology. The mind is isolated into two halves of the globe in your cerebrum, the privilege and the left. From the start these sides of the equator have all the earmarks of being perfect representations of each other, yet on closer perceptions the two halves of the globe have profoundly concentrated locales that serve varying capacities (1). All in all, the correct side of the equator deciphers data and controls activities of the left half of the body. The left side of the equator deciphers data and controls activities of the correct side of the body. A thick band of fiber called the corpus callosum associates the two halves of the globe. Clearly if the association between the halves of the globe is cut off, a once regular practice to assuage epileptic assaults, tactile data can't go to the right area of the cerebrum all together for a relating reaction to be made (2). Accordingly, your mind is SPLIT...! To me the split cerebrum hypothesis appeared to be an odd idea. Isn't my cerebrum an entire constrained by the halfway found little man who gets my musings, forms and numerous elements of my mind? On the off chance that this is genuine how could the cerebrum be part into two? Do you have two yous at that point? The split mind impact was first found by Roger Sperry and Ronald Meyers in the mid 1960s (3). Meyers and Sperry indicated that when the feline had its optic chiasm and corpus callosum cut off, two free learning habitats were built up - one in every half of the globe of the feline's mind. On the off chance that the feline had its correct eye open and its left eye secured and figured out how to make a straightforward adapted reaction, it couldn't make a similar reaction when the correct eye was secured and the left eye was open. Maybe the learning couldn't be conveyed to the opposite side of the cerebrum (2); subsequently, clearly data accessible aside stayed beyond reach to the next.

Why I Want To Become An Engineer

Each and everybody of us had our own specific want and I accepted that has been create since adolescence. Since the time I was a child, I was flabbergasted by the making of the high rises and preposterously styled structures. I have consistently valued the huge structures and structures which have encircled me and I have consistently had regard for the individuals who have been associated with the plan and developments of these structures on such a huge scale.I continued thinking about how individuals could build such an alluring and troublesome manifestations. As I entered secondary school, my inclinations further extended when I took concentrates in structural designing and designing drawing classes as it clarify progressively about structures. I realize that to turn into a Civil Engineer I need to buckle down in school and get excellent evaluations. Despite the fact that my SPM result was not great but rather I was resolved to reclaim it.I’m endeavoring to improve my evalua tions in registration and I accept on the off chance that somebody in your organization that have this sort of mentality to search for continous improvement somewhat it very well may be useful to your organization. For my benefit, I think I merit this grant since I am exceptionally dedicated individual. I put such a great amount of exertion in anything I decide to do, or any undertaking as per me. My objectives in life are frequently high. I am an objective getter, so I will successfully accomplish my goals.I feel that the drive I need to succeed, and to communicate information into the life of the ones coming behind me is one of numerous reasons why I merit this grant. Also, my parent is the working class pay worker so by having this grant I can facilitate their weight. Finally , I have believe that structural building is a perfect field for me. I accept that I have the individual ascribes and knowledge required to be a structural architect. I additionally accept that I have the wo rk propensities and drive to be a fruitful architect. This is the reason I have decided to seek after this as a vocation.

One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest Essay Example for Free

One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest Essay The six mental methodologies are natural, learning or conduct, subjective, sociocultural, psychodynamic, and humanistic. Each approach is one of a kind in its own particular manner and utilized by therapists to analyze the issue. A natural methodology is applied when the there is a known ailment. The ailment typically associates with psychological well-being, and the arrangement originates from treatment. This specific methodology takes a gander at the entire body. The learning or conduct approach is tied in with examining the person’s the conduct and changing their conduct one-sided on their reaction to the earth. This methodology works from positive and negatives things in their condition, and is some of the time restored by gets these components and out of their life to fix the issue. The occasions in the earth can be prizes or disciplines that will impact the patients conduct. The intellectual viewpoint is about comprehend a patients thinking and comprehension. How we procedure, store, and recover data impacts our conduct. It is said that all issues are situated in the cerebrum, and utilizing this point of view you can locate a clinical issue that is influencing how the mind is functioning. The sociocultural methodology is the point at which the emotional well-being has something to do with the condition that manages development. The way of life wherein the patient is an enormous factor. In a psychodynamic approach an individual’s issue is inside the oblivious brain. This can be from a sensational occasion that happened before in their life. At times the fix can be from the patient themselves tolerating the reality, or recognizing that they have an issue. The last methodology is a humanistic methodology. This is about individual or self coordinated decisions that impact conduct. This methodology manages the physical soundness of a patient to in the long run fix their psychological well-being. There is a notable way of thinking that a solid brain rises to a sound body. In this methodology, a clinician will control the patients diet and exercise to recapture their emotional well-being. The clinic utilized numerous strategies on the intellectually sick patients. They had bunch advising planned each day where Mrs. Wrench cross examined the patients and caused them to feel awkward. The emergency clinic likewise had electric stun treatment and lobotomy as other treatment strategies. Likewise, the emergency clinic gave the patients medication, this is a natural methodology, despite the fact that it was given to these individuals reluctantly. Mrs. Wrench additionally permitted McMurphy to get a vote so as to watch the ball game and she twisted the principles or was excessively exacting so as to win her position. This is a social methodology in light of the fact that McMurphy viewed the baseball presumably in his typical condition at home. She prodded him with the idea of watching the game as a prize, at that point removed it. McMurphy had conduct or learning approach. He would praise individuals when they did things he thought were acceptable and he would shout at them when he figured they accomplished something terrible. For instance, when McMurphy showed Chief how to shoot a ball, he cheered after each point he made. Different patients turned upward to and truly appreciated McMurphy, which put him in an amazing position. He strongly affected different patients and they truly appreciated him. Boss Bromden’s recuperation started when McMurphy went to the clinic and began conversing with him and causing him to do undertakings. McMurphy dealt with boss to check whether he was savvy enough to finish basic assignments. The initial step was him lifting his hands over his head at the b-ball court, which was the first development he had done in quite a while entire time being there. Before boss wouldn’t handle headings from others well indeed. His following stage was lifting his hand to decide on viewing the ball game, which McMurphy additionally energized extraordinarily. Afterward, McMurphy gathered together the patients to play some ball. McMurphy passed the ball to Chief and he shot it, which was trailed by him starting to follow requests and run all over the court. The last advance was when McMurphy gave him the gum before Electroshock Therapy and the Chief talked fo r the first run through at the facility. After this, boss uncovered his insight to McMurphy. Ken Kesey was in every case exceptionally intrigued, and was extremely gifted with the subject of brain science. In 1959 he volunteer to partake in an examination named Project mkultraâ , this was a CIA subsidized undertaking managing psychoactive medications. A portion of the medications included were LSD, psilocybin, mescaline, cocaine, AMT, and DMT. This and his work at the state veterans medical clinic, which gave him access to LSD, propelled him to keep in touch with One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest. At the state veterans emergency clinic, Kesey invested a great deal of energy conversing with the patients. now and then affected by the psychedelic medications with which he had elected to analyze. Kesey didn't accept that these patients were crazy. Kesey accepted that society had pushed them out in light of the fact that they didn't fit in the way of life, and that they simply needed a spot to keep all the intellectually sick. I feel that Kesey was attempting to pass on to individuals at intellectually sick clinics were treated in a terrible way. He attempted to show individuals that the intellectually sick were presumably protected away from everyone since they were extraordinary. The emergency clinic depicted in the film didn’t appear to enable the patients to out or need them to recoup and return home. They appeared to have no rights. These patients acclimated to this way of life and didn’t need to leave, that is an issue when the accepted objective was to improve these people’s issues. The awards from great conduct appeared to be nonexistent and He likewise needed to show how coldblooded the disciplines were in the medical clinic. Hallucinogenic 60s: Ken Kesey the Merry Pranksters. Hallucinogenic 60s: Ken Kesey the Merry Pranksters. College of Virginia/Charlottesville, Virginia, 16 Dec. 2009. Web. 19 Sept. 2012. . I truly delighted in One flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest. I thought the film was virtuoso. There were portions of silliness, and it kept you intrigued and pondering such a large number of things. I appreciated that there were numerous principle plots and side plots, similar to the medical clinic sections the patients, or the patients versus their own recuperation. McMurphy was a secretive character, since he was insane, and no one could make sense of if there was anything amiss with him. I however that placing him in that area of the medical clinic was a slip-up, on the grounds that he is so manipulative and advanced that he manhandled all the hospital’s provisos. Simultaneously he was generally excellent for the patients. I likewise delighted in the character and all their various issues and character contrasts. I delighted in observing how Billy and the Chief advanced intellectually all through the film. I likewise love the idea of individuals breaking structure, and that is the thing that McMurphy certainly prevailing in. This film firmly identified with brain research, since it legitimately managed individuals who were intellectually sick. Additionally brain science was included when McMurphy utilized his virtuoso psyche to conflict with the medical clinic in different manners. Thinking about these plans utilizes a lot of brain research. In any event, for the watchers, the film left you somewhere down in thought, with foreseeing and addressing what will occur straightaway. This film made you think profoundly making this a mental film.

Forces affecting the gaming industry free essay sample

Lawful and Regulatory †what legitimate or administrative patterns or changes coming that will affect IT/gaming parts Video game guidelines that hope to lessen portrayal of rottenness, erotic entertainment, brutality, sex and corruption in computer games. This would hugy affect the business particularly on the makers of title, for example, GTA, COD, and numerous ohers. Proposed prohibition on fierce computer games out in the open spaces. This would look to boycott arcade style games , primarily shooting games,in places, for example, cinemas, bowling partners, and so forth. In any case, would likewise boycott certain reassure games accessible for play in stores. This would affect income and deals in the business. Financial †likewise Gaming populace is maturing, as a result of this gamers on avergae have more cash to spend on computer games and consoles. Innovation is getting less expensive, reassures just as PC parts are more reasonable than any time in recent memory. Innovative †likewise †What are new innovation patterns or changes are waiting to be addressed that may affect us? Oculus break, which is a computer generated simulation headset for 3D gaming. We will compose a custom article test on Powers influencing the gaming business or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Razers Project Christine. Particular, blend and match configuration permits anybody to handily redesign their PC. This implies the normal client wouldnt need to purchase an entirely different PC or go through cash additional cash having their PC overhauled. Rivalry The huge 3 have consistently been sony, microsoft, and nintendo. Be that as it may, as of late with the arrival of fourth gen supports, numerous players of the xbox 360 have moved to the playstation 4. Web based gaming is getting progressively mainstream, an ever increasing number of players are changing to PCs as PC games offer heavenly modding, alterations, more titles accessible. Social powers/changes the gaming populace is getting more seasoned. The normal player is 34 and the normal time of game buyers is 40. Extension in social gaming implies players are attracted to games with which they can play with companions/different players at last creation the games increasingly fun and locks in. Worldwide Gaming supports are getting increasingly accessible in nations around the globe. Portable gaming has detonated, particularly on telephones, presently essentially everybody who has an advanced cell is utilizing them to mess around. PART II Based on these powers, what is your arrangement to keep yourself attractive and remain in front of them. Keep awake to date with innovation and gaming news through companions, appears, meetings, expos, online gatherings, and so on.

The Upstart Assault Case for Meridicom and Telzip - myassignmenthelp

Question: Talk about theThe Upstart Assault Case for Meridicom and Telzip. Answer: Introduction of the case This anecdotal case introduced by Marco Bertini and Nirmalaya Kumar of the London business titled what do you do when one of your little rivals pulls out its enormous weapon? This case investigates the inquiry based on editorials of George tacker, of Simon Kutcher accomplice and talks about how little contenders make a terrible response on the telecom showcase. This case presents an investigation of two telecom contender organizations, specifically Meridicom and Telzip. Meridicom is known for being the biggest set up organization of telecom which gives high creation of a few sorts of telecom administrations, though the Telzip is a little organization runs with low promoting abilities and capacity. The questions emerge after a methodology is changed by the telzip organization to build a high market cost similarly as Meridicom Company. Telzip Company shook the market of telecom benefits by offering to his clients a free broadband administrations until the end of time. Such contribution of Telzip Company incites a meridicom to make an intense move against Telzip Company. Meridicom Company chose to remove every one of his costs of telecom administrations. Joeseph Ulan, a head advertising official of Meridicom Company faces with incongruent headings to give a limited rate to every one of his clients for their items or administrations. Yet, such limited thought of idea was dismissed by an official, Joe. The case recommends tearing up of the organization by a reduction in deals volume, income, or piece of the pie of telecom items by the meridicom organization (McGrath, 2013). Such ripping apart technique builds a more noteworthy wickedness to the pariahs or new comers in the telecom showcase. The contextual investigation made a disclosure of nobodys ambush situation in a market. The diagram of the case presents that the commanding organization loses their hold if his clients change to their new organization. For the situation study, Telzip Company doesn't investigate its market methodologies in an honest way as it gives mischief to an enthusiasm of other little contenders. This contextual analysis sets a delineation of serious competition and its evolving viewpoints. Introduction of Problem or issue The case starts with ad distributed in money related occasions which tightened the main workplaces joseph face of the Meridicom organization progress in one position. The promotion distributed in Financial Times that a Telzip Company is sans offering broadband administrations for long lasting to his business clients together with landline and portable administrations to those current clients who want to change their enrollment from Meridicom administrations. Such alluring administrations speak to a demonstration of dilemma to Meridicom Company. At the moment of the issue that whether Joe should dismissal or respond to Telzips determined advance or not. On the off chance that, Joseph react to such courageous advance of Telzips then he should put weight on an executing a few market arrangements to draw in his clients. Meridiocom Company is a most well known telecom organization, however TelZip at present a harbinger in the compact administrations and with the free broadband administrations. Telzip is capable get a dominancy over Meridicoms broadband and landline administrations. It would be imperative advance for Meridicom to put worry over Telzips benefits as he holds a sound and greatness position in a market and require impacting their clients (Clayton et.al. 2016). Introduction of conclusions The following stage after issue emerge in Meridiocom organization, a gathering led by Joseph a main head who accumulate every one of his overseers in a single eating on the twelfth floor of their organization building. The gathering presents a few feelings to the expectation entryway or suggestion to vanquish telzips new methodology of free broadband administrations and catch advertise again with certainty of his clients. Assessments of Adam, Emiline and Frank (division heads of meriodicom organization) and Charles DeGraff (deal official) made a situation for Joe to take a choice for the most part in two conditions. Initially, Joe ought to react to activity against telzips showcasing on benefiting free broadband administrations to his business clients by explain his different disadvantages (Philip Kevin, 2013). Besides, Joe ought not react to value war against telzips procedure. Such value war would make a terrible vision of meridiocom organization esteem and generosity (Bryce et.al. 2011). Adam started his discussion by offering alleviation to Joe that telzips free broadband technique isn't veritable and his methodology is simply to trick his business clients. Additionally, Adam likewise recommends Joe that he doesn't require effectively improve innate techniques of an organization. Another division head, Emeline additionally bolstered Adams feeling by expressing that if meriodicom organization would consider a procedure of little contenders that may result into an incredible agony for the organization as it would upset total unit of an organization. Be that as it may, out of three division head, Frank puts an opposing supposition and contradiction the perspectives on Adam and Ereline. Candid cautions Joe by expressing that the Telzip Company is a genuine player in the market. As per straight to the point, telzips technique is a strong one and can without much of a stretch beat an effective promoting of Meriodicom Company. In the wake of meeting gets over, Joe unexpectedly met with his Charles Degraff, deals official of the Meriodicom Company at a wine shop. Charles helps Joe by saying that our organization ought to follow fire with fire idea. On the off chance that telzip can put his alluring procedure for client, at that point meriodicom ought to likewise concentrate on his clients. He affirms that meriodicom is costly for his business clients with no benefiting appealing proposals to be given by an organization. The above assessment sets following elements: Aces of assessment are that organization has an enormous market where clients would not change to the Telzip Company with no cross check. Offcourse clients are worried for greatness administrations of meriodicom. Rebate offer and free broadband administrations can't trick clients so without any problem. Cons of sentiment were three bills accommodated three administrations speak to confused assistance forms gave to clients and each of the three call habitats may neglect to look for answer for clients. Such three charging and call focuses don't offer good types of assistance of themeriodicom organization (Bertini, Marco and Wathieu, 2010). End According to above feelings, the answer for this contextual investigation manages a few suggestions for the meriodicom organization against intense activity of telzips organization. There are as following Right off the bat, meriodicom organization is encouraged to screen telzips administration quality. Such observing can accepts place by offering guidance to Joe for reacting to the value war. A motivation behind value war is to bring out serious showground by giving markdown procedure, every subsequent development record in charging and free administrations of calling and web play as chief weapons for any serious players. Value cut is a best instrument to outline any viable methodology to catch showcase. With regards to this case examination, meriodicom organization ought to follow a strategy of value war to draw in his client at an enormous scope (Coelho, 2010). Besides, it is prescribed to Joe not to execute reasonable methodology for reacting to the Telzip Company by a device of value assault. A motivation behind value assault is to remove the costing of an organization at a low scope (Duarte, 2012). Such value assault objectives can carry results of misfortune to an organization which may even make a situation of the organization ending up because of an extreme misfortune. So as to forestall a misfortune to an organization, it is coordinated that Joe ought not react to value assault (Stalk, 2007). According to realities of the case, the connection among quality and cost in telecom field is over winning to one another. In this hypothesis of relationship, quality wins in Meriodicom Company though cost wins in telzips case. On the off chance that Joes see is that nature of his organization is equivalent or more than telzips organization then Joe ought to follow the assessment of Charles, deal official. According to Charles assessment, Joe ought to follow the technique of fire with fire that is Joe ought to likewise distribute a notice with a long proposal of markdown distributed in first page of the budgetary occasions. It will draw in business clients of telzips organization. On the off chance that the nature of telzips organization is not exactly meridicom organization, at that point Joe is coordinated to execute a methodology of fire with water. As indicated by hypothesis of fire with water, Joe needs to follow a humble or quiet methodology towards a striking procedure of telzips organization (Luce, 2008). It may results into momentary breakdown in progress of meridicom organization. Along these lines, it would likewise prompt give mindfulness in a client to a quality concern instead of low value charges (Stone, 2017). In the event of client would ready to change to telzips organization alluring proposal of free broadband then in such condition a meridiocom organization ought to set up his value war technique (Christensen, 2013). Such activity is discretionary when above expressed suggestion may fall flat. It is critical to save such value war methodology as of now before consequences of clients movement to another organization (Wagner Disparte, 2016). References Bertini, Marco Wathieu (2010), How to prevent clients from focusing on value, Harvard business survey . pp 84-91 Bryce, D.J., Dyers, J.H., and Hatch, N.W. 2011. Going up against free items. Harvard Business Review, 89(6), 104-111. Christensen C. 2013. The Innovator's Dilemma: When New Technologies Cause Great Firms to Fail. New York: Harvard Business Review Press. Clayton M. C, Grant A. Govindarajan V. what's more, Davenport T.H. 2016. HBR's 10 must Reads 2017: The Definitive Management Ideas of the Year from Harvard Business Review (with reward article What Is Disruptive Innovation?) (HBR's 10 Must Reads) Harvard Business Review Press Coelho D. 2010. Worldwide illustrations: evaluating in another market. London Business School. Duarte N. 2012. HBR Guide to Persuasive Presentations. Harvard Busi

Political parties in the United States - Free Essay Example

If you were taking a stroll down the street and asked any average American to describe our government, its quite likely that they would hatefully bring up the rising debt, political deadlocks and hate-filled campaign seasons. They would also probably mention the splitting of voters and our country between the two political parties Republican and Democratic. Can we really blame the average American for thinking that way? Many people, whether citizens or not, especially millennials, put the blame on our political parties. They think If only the Democrats and Republicans could get along and hear each other out, we wouldnt have these problems. They think If we eliminated political parties from the system completely, we would be better off and be more close to a real democracy. Kinda like ancient Greece. We do copy them Greeks on many things When discussing his friends frustration on the parties, David Cole writer for the Odyssey says, I have many friends and acquaintances who are completely unaffiliated with politics, simply because they hate the parties and believe their existence is the sole reason our government cant seem to agree on anything. When it comes to citizens, In fact, many people cite this famous George Washington quote: However [political parties] may now and then answer popular ends, they are likely in the course of time and thingsby which cunning, ambitious, and unprincipled men will be enabled to subvert the power of the people and to usurp for themselves the reins of government, destroying afterwards the very engines which have lifted them to unjust dominion (Goodreads.com). Pretty deep Washington wanted our new nation to avoid parties altogether. Clearly, the man most Americans credit for the birth of our country and the man they worship for his leadership would know what hes talking about. If only we had listened to Washington we probably wouldnt be in this mess today, where nobody agrees on anything and the government can never get its act together! but is this accurate? Are political parties really to blame for our mess in the government? No. Most definitely the founders of our amazing nation wouldnt have wanted such a broken, divided system. What if I could prove to you that political parties are actually good for America? And not only that but the removing of political parties to clean the system would actually be harmful and it would be better for America if we strengthened their influence. First lets take a look at U.S. history from the beginning, specifically that George Washington quote mentioned earlier on. The modern political parties appear nothing like the parties that existed during Washingtons time. In the late 1700s, Political parties were not built into the government system, like ours is today. Parties only arose as radical movements in European systems, like the British Parliament. Typically, they consisted of people who wanted to overthrow the current system of government, and replace it with a completely new one where they themselves were in charge. This dictative, rebellious type of political party was the type of political party Washington was warning against, not the modern kind that we have today, which had not yet been invented. The constitution is pretty much Americas owners manual it explains the procedures that elected officials in all three branches must go through to exercise their powers. It tells congress how to make laws, it tells the president what they cannot and can do, and it explains how the courts are to function. On the flip side, it says little about how we are to elect these officials. Political Parties are the unofficial institutions (kind of like your Mom telling you how to raise a kid properly because we all know theres not one manual that explains it all) intended to fill that gap, and connect the voters with the big league fellows in our nations capital. If parties were nonexistent, there would be no way to connect the voter with Washington, especially in a country of 325.7million. Even the founding fathers agreed that direct democracy would never work in an area larger than a small village, as too many conflicting opinions would prevent anything from getting done. Which is beyond true. Its also extremely hard for our representatives, some representing over one million voters per district, to be our voice accurately in congress. Political parties help to give us as voters the voice that would otherwise be lost in a sea of similar but diverse opinions. As people, if we want to see something changed on the federal level, it is natural to assume that we get connected to people who want to see the same change. Parties provide that direct line, and that network of voters who want to see similar change. These parties were so effective throughout U.S. history that they were given a special place in the electoral process: At their own conven tions, party members were to decide and nominate candidates to run for president. This gave the average American person actual power that they could carry as identified party members. Throughout the 1800s and up to the turn of the Century, parties flourished. During the progressive era of the early 1900s, many forward-looking Americans viewed parties as a breeding ground of corruption. Progressives decided to neuter them by introducing the primary system. Instead of deciding candidates at the respective conventions, parties were now to hold primary elections, in where anybody could decide to run for president, and in turn any identified party member could vote for that candidate to run in the general election against the other party. This took the power away from party leadership, and placed it in the hands of the average American: it was direct democracy at its finest. But as some things seem too good to be true, it did come with consequences. Rather then decide at the conventions, the primary elections required prospective candidates to announce their campaigns far in advance. They also allowed anybody with enough wealth and influence to run for president, regardless of how the party leadership felt about them. This soon led to demagoguery and only those with enough money and power could run for president. Previously unknown candidates, also known as a dark horse for president are now next to impossible. Without the monster sized power they once had, at the turn of the century, the existence of both the Democrats and the Republicans was threatened. The parties soon realized that the only way they could continue to bring people to their respective parties was to focus on ideology, and lay out a moral and personal cause for people to vote for their candidates. throughout the next few decades the conservative beliefs fell close to the republicans, and the liberals fell close with the Democrats. Due to the emphasis on ideology over direct policy is the issue, not the existence of the parties themselves. Another thing to consider is that it may be appropriate to blame the primary system for the demagogue political elites and loudmouthed billionaires (cough cough Donald Trump) who are currently running for president or elected presidents. In conclusion, giving the parties the power to actually nominate candidates at their own conventions, rather than to automatically approve candidates without proper consideration as primary winners, would most definitely be a good start. Many Americans dont realize that the parties were not necessarily built on conservative and liberal ideology, and were once just a vehicle for policy change and voter choice. Eliminating parties would do nothing but mute American citizen voice to express their concerns on a local, state and national scale yet conservative and liberal viewpoints would remain the same regardless. Its the ideology and emotions that has us trapped. Not the Democrats and the Republicans.

Social and environmental reporting would benefit from greater stakeholder exclusivity. - Free Essay Example

Social and environmental reporting would benefit from greater stakeholder inclusivity. REFLECTIVE THINKING The concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is very modern and now applies to more and more businesses. This topic piqued my interest because a lot of companies in my country have begun to adopt CSR and adopt social and environmental reporting. I am aware of the concept of corporate social responsibility, but I did not know its social and environmental dimensions. I mostly believed that corporate social responsibility is restricted mainly to charity. The more I read about it and discuss about it with other students, the more I realized its wider usefulness. Corporate Social Responsibility concerns actions that businesses do in order to solve problems involving the environment and society. In particular, companies in their business activities as well as in their contacts with other interested parties, bring together social and environmental concerns in a voluntary framework. A company to be qualified as socially responsible must take into account the problems related to the protection of the environment as well as to the development, rights and quality of life of its employees and the society within which it develops. With Corporate Social Responsibility, the business environment is voluntarily regulated, to ensure respect for the problems with the help of management systems regarding the impact on the environment, the support communities in the local context and the creation of a working environment which will ensure justice and security. Over the last five years, Corporate Social Responsibility plays an important role in both large enterprises and the European Commission, as well as in political and non-profit organizations. Several multinational or large companies try to prove that they have managed to integrate CSR in their strategy with great success. Two levels of implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility concern the companies. The first level, known as the initial stage of maturity concerns the big enterprises in Cyprus, where Corporate Social Responsibility is part of the activities of the department of public relations and particularly the field of charity and sponsorship. The second level, known as the maturity of the business, declares that Corporate Social Responsibility is an integral part of corporate policy and strategy. At this stage, there is a department or committee which is responsible for specific activities whose purpose is the achievement of strategic objectives as well as the annual Record of Social Report exclusively for Corporate Social Responsibility. In Cyprus, Corporate Social Responsibility is not at an advanced stage. This is because it may well be that Cyprus is a member of European Union, but the developments in the field of Corporate Social Responsibility do not show any significant progress. F or Cyprus, the environmental dimension of CSR is very important because it is very relevant to tourism, which is the heavy industry of Cyprus. For example, companies from Eastern European countries are more sensitized to Corporate Social Responsibility issues and there is indeed the desire to learn what Corporate Social Responsibility is, to see how they can adapt it to their philosophy, because they know that the global markets are asking for it. Nowadays, experts acknowledge that the Cypriot companies focus mainly on charity activities. The downside, however, is the fact that in Cyprus, there is no plan, no growth prospects and long term commitment for actions made. In addition, social responsibility is not limited to charitable giving, but it also covers the overall compliance with the international federal state and the local laws and legislative acts as well as with the ethical standards and procedures under which the company will operate. Great importance should be given to our awareness in order to function socially responsible, i.e. to approach the issue individually rather than corporately. Economic growth is directly related to the development of society and the environment. For example, if the sustainability of the environment is at risk, which is considered a business function, then this will directly affect the company and its financial results. The fact that CSR is an investment rather than a cost may be shown in the following way: Its a business practice that affects consumer attitudes, depending on their shopping choices. I believe that my involvement with this project helped me understand the importance of corporate social responsibility and how it can be applied to enterprises of my country. In particular, today the countries affected by the economic crisis and the developments that occur daily in the social and economic level, has created an environment of increased corporate responsibility. In this environment, companies seek to operate based on the developments occurring every day, while trying every way to reduce social risks. Based on the information available for liquidity in the economic and social level, firms must be able to understand, when they are able to avert a crisis (what happens when pop) and when to manage it successfully (this happens when the crisis is unpredictable). Corporate Social Responsibility is a strategic tool for managing the crisis. Today, most companies have social responsibilities. The directors think that a business to respond effectively and efficiently in social issues, corporate social policy must be integrated into corporate strategy. To assess how well the business operates in the fields of social responsibility, social auditing has been developed as a preliminary guide. The social audit consists of a series of systematic studies and the evaluation of social performance. It is interested in social influences on quality of life rather than in the economic quality of life. The social audit/reporting, leads to social performance. The benefits derived from a social audit are: It gives the information to assess the effectiveness of the programs on ecology and community development. The managers try to focus their attention on those activities where reports and evaluations are necessary. The existence of social audit seeks to promote concern for the achievement of social performance targets. It provides information that allows management to compare the effectiveness of different social programs. It gives the right to manage, provide information to external groups that rely on the company requirements for social performance (Cowton and Crisp 1998:120). Based on the results of this evaluation, the company can see where improvements are needed and what methods can be applied. I hope that this may be the issue of a future work. INTRODUCTION The field of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has expanded significantly over the last decade both at the international and European level. More and more companies engage in serious efforts to define and integrate CSR into all aspects of their business. These efforts are supported by a growing number of evidence that proves that CSR has a positive impact on business economic performance. New voluntary standards and measurement tools of service are multiplied in number in parallel with the ongoing controversy about whether and how to standardize legal requirements for CSR from the business side. The interested parties now require from the company to apologize for its performance throughout the supply chain and for a set of issues of social responsibility. All the above take place in view of a complex global economy, where there are many social, economic and environmental injustices. In the past, the value of a company was only based on its financial performance. The interested p arties now begin to understand better how the way the operational behavior affects the social, political and natural environment. The consequence of this is a growing pressure from investors, consumers and employees to the businesses, to include social and ecological criteria when taking decisions. CSR involves two basic ideas, the responsibility for reporting (accountability and transparency). Conversely, different groups of stakeholders require from businesses to operate successfully in non-financial sectors, which include human rights, business ethics, environmental practices, corporate contributions, contribution to local community development, corporate governance and labor and discrimination issues (Edgley et al.2009) The social and environmental performance is considered now as most consistent with economic efficiency. For the economic development at local level up to policies on human Listen Read phonetically Dictionary View detailed dictionary Listen Read phonetically Dictionary View detailed dictionary rights at the international level, companies need to apologize for their actions and their impact. In addition, companies are expected to disclose and communicate their policies and practices, which affect employees, communities and the environment. In the global economy, the companies that meet the requirements of the participants, namely the stakeholders are more likely to achieve long-term financial performance. CSR may be involved in every aspect of business activity. A company is considered a good corporate citizen when it demonstrates a sense of commitment to various stakeholders through socially responsible practices and transparent operations. DEFINITIONS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY At the international level, many practitioners in CSR seek to define the CSR concept. One of the most important of them is the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD), a coalition of 175 businesses, which share a common commitment to sustainable development through three pillars: economic growth, ecological balance and social progress. CSR is defined as the continued commitment by the company to behave ethically and contribute to economic development, whilst improving the quality of life of employees and their families, local community and society at a general level (United Nations 2002). In addition, global non-profit organizations have been developed to promote the concept of corporate social responsibility by offering to their members (companies) information, tools, training, consulting services for the integration of CSR in their business operations and strategy. A significant institution is the Business for Social Responsibility, according to which CSR seems to be the realization of commercial success in ways that honor ethical values and respect people, communities and the natural environment. Through CSR, society address the legal, ethical, commercial and other expectations of the business and take decisions that fairly balance the interests of the interested parties. CSR answers why, when and how the company manages the social, environmental and economic objectives, performance and results, and the relationship among them. In addition, CSR Wire reports that CSR aligns social values with business activities (Kuratko and Morris 2002). It focuses on social, environmental and financial performance, the so-called triple basic principle. The aim is to make business success while having a positive impact on society. Likewise, CSR Europe in an effort to strengthen CSR in companies to achieve profitability, sustainability and human development, points out that CSR concerns the way in which the firm improves its social and environmental impact, so it adds value both for shareholders and for the interested parties. The European Commission in its Green Paper in July 2001 (European Commission 2003) in an attempt to open a public debate and promote a European framework for CSR, describes it as a concept whereby companies integrate, on a voluntary basis, in their activities and contacts with interested parties, social values and environmental worries. The Commission links CSR with the new strategic goal that was set in Lisbon for the current decade: to become the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world capable of sustainable economic growth with more and better jobs and greater social cohesion. (European Commission 2003). From its part, the Economic and Social Committee (EESC), supports the European Commission. According to EESC, corporate social responsibility is a complex group of issues that must be addressed in different ways and at depth. The cultural specificities and the legal systems have a direct impact on its implementation. There are differences between geograp hic levels of action (local, national, European, global), among developing and industrialized countries, including large multinational companies, SMEs and small firms as well as among sectors. In addition, apart from the classic hierarchical structure within the company, there are new forms of structure and organization of work such as Listen Read phonetically Dictionary View detailed dictionary Listen Read phonetically Dictionary View detailed dictionary part-time, telecommuting or online businesses. According to EESC, socially responsible action means that companies implement conscientiously the social rules and make efforts to build a spirit of cooperation. The voluntary decision by a company for taking action on CSR (whether this has to do with the adoption of a code of conduct or map or trademark) includes preparedness and commitment (European Commission 2004). In conclusion, it is noticed that the concept of corporate social responsibility is associated with other considerations and concepts, a fact that facilitates its clarification. Such concepts are the approach of participants stakeholders, business ethics, company culture, corporate governance and the status of corporate citizenship. As a new concept in the business reality, it has not yet acquired a specific, well-established definition. In this paper, corporate social responsibility is defined as the permanent, ethical obligation of companies to combine their contribution to economic growth with the responsible use of environmental and social resources (quality of employees life, respect for human rights, participation in the development of the local community where they operate, protection of the natural environment, structure of consistent and responsible relationships with suppliers and the wider social contribution). Generally, CSR is the voluntary integration of social and environmental values in business activities within the framework of transparency and reporting required by society for companies in the modern world. DIMENSIONS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Initially, the concept of corporate social responsibility has its internal and external dimensions. The first relates to intra business environment and includes socially and environmentally responsible practices, the combination of which aims at improved competitiveness. Socially responsible practices include: investment in human capital following policies of responsible recruitment, equal pay and stock options to employees, as well as a more diverse workforce to combat discrimination. Their goal is to ensure employability and work, reduce unemployment and combat social exclusion. The health and safety of workers with voluntary control systems and certification schemes of management systems. Having as criteria health and safety, general procurement systems were created, based on uniform requirements regarding training and management systems, implemented by the contractors in the health and safety issues at work. For example, the procurement system of the Danish Social Security provides guidelines that determine the prerequisites for bidding tenders for cleaning companies. In addition, these criteria are included in the existing certification and labelling for products and equipment such as the Swedish system TCO Labeling Scheme, which is a voluntary label for the security of office equipment. The management of change in the operational environment, which now encourages the involvement of all stakeholders by providing information and consultation. The restructuring in a socially responsible manner means that the interests and concerns of all those affected b y the changes and decisions are taken into consideration. At European level, this phenomenon that usually appears as a reduction in personnel or closure of a factory, is evident in many industries, including the industries of steel, coal and shipbuilding. Through CSR companies are responsible for ensuring the employability of their staff (Crane and Matten 2005:167). The environmentally responsible practices are included in practices and policies that seek to reduce resource consumption or pollutant emissions and waste aiming at reducing the environmental impact. In this area, the environmental investments are recognized as double profit opportunities for both the company and the environment. Examples include the Integrated Product Policy, an approach that allows the government to work with companies and take into account the impact of products at all stages of their life cycle (introduction, growth, maturity, decline) and urges business and other stakeholders to discuss in order to find an approach with the best cost benefit analysis, having the effect of creating a strong framework for corporate social responsibility. In addition, EMAS ISO19000, a community management and control plan of the environment, which encourages companies to voluntarily set up management and control systems that promote continuous improvements in environmental perfo rmance. The environmental statement is made public, and it is validated by accredited environmental organizations that verify it. Regarding the second dimension (external), the corporate social responsibility of a business extends beyond the company to the local community. A wide range of stakeholders is involved i.e. shareholders, business partners (suppliers, customers, consumers, contractors), public authorities and NGOs, representing local communities or dealing with the environment (European Multistakeholder Forum 2004). CSR is the integration of businesses in their local environment. The way they contribute to it is through job offers, salaries and social benefits. They are involved in community problems, support charity events, sponsor cultural and sporting events. In addition, the existence of interaction with the local environment leads them to a greater awareness of the environmental protection, since a cleaner environment can facilitate the process, or attract more labour force. Through close collaboration with business partners, enterprises can reduce perplexity and costs while increasing quality. The creation of such relationships leads in the long term to a fair price, conditions and expectations, as well as to quality, reliable delivery or execution. CSR appears in business activities at the area where the business is located. It focuses on the CSR of its suppliers or the dissemination of CSR in small or new innovative companies locally (through venture capital). Finally, as part of CSR, the companies must offer products and services that consumers need in an efficient, ethical and environmentally friendly way. The lasting relationships with customers lead to more profitable enterprises. An important example of CSR is the concept of planning for all, even for consumers with disabilities. The external dimension of CSR is shown in the co-operation of the business with non-governmental organizations, trade unions and public authorities on matters of vital i mportance, such as respect for human and labor rights in international and global supply chains (Holme and Watts 2000). On the one hand, there are national, community, international laws and binding rules, which provide minimum standards for all. On the other hand, there are voluntary codes of conduct, which are voluntary initiatives to complement and promote international labor standards for those who adopt them, as it happens in the various productive sectors (textile, apparel trade). The effectiveness of the latter depends on the proper implementation and verification, and it should be based on ILO conventions (Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work) and OECD (Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises) (European Commission 2004). The verification should be carried out based on defined standards that apply to organizations and individuals that carry the social control. TOOLS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY The growing interest of governments, society and the business world in the concept of CSR has led to a significant increase in the number of management tools, measurement, communication and rewards regarding the performance of corporate social responsibility. These institutions of CSR range from general guidelines and codes of conduct that set ambitious CSR principles, to complex management systems, control and communication tools or examination methodologies (filtration screening) of investments. All these play a key role in providing guidance for sustainable operation, for proper quality management of the processes, systems and practices aiming at sustainable development. SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE MANAGEMENT It includes codes of conduct, management standards and reporting, which help the companies to integrate CSR principles in their strategy and business operations by offering principles, sets of procedures, implementation steps, indicators and methods of measurement, evaluation and reporting. The codes of conduct are innovative and important tools for the promotion of fundamental human, labor and environmental rights, as well as for practices against corruption, particularly in countries where governments fail to reinforce such standards (Holme and Watts 2000). They are an official statement of the principles and business practices of a company. They express statements of minimum standards and a promise of the company to maintain them and demand from contractors, subcontractors, suppliers and recipients to apply them as well. Some examples are (Crane and Matten 2005:166): Intergovernmental Authorities ILO Tripartite declaration of principles concerning multinational enterprises and social policy. ILO Declaration on fundamental principles and rights at work. OECD Guidelines for multinational enterprises (MNEs). United Nations Draft guidelines for companies. Multilateral Codes of Conduct Ethical Trading Initiative. Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights for the extractive sector. Model Codes of Conduct designed by NGOs, trade unions and other organizations Amnesty International Amnesty International human rights principles for companies. United Nations UN global compact. The management standards are a set of frameworks, processes and practices for quality, environment, health and safety as well as the workplace itself (Denison 1990). They are internal tools for businesses and organizations to facilitate the integration of CSR into their activities on a daily basis. There are standards that focus on procedures and standards relating to performance measurement and reporting. Especially the management systems provide models and standards for the way of managing a process or an activity. Typically, large companies adopt them. The above tools improve the strategic management and reliability of the company. Examples of management models (Crane and Matten 2005:170): Standards for the workplace Social Accountability (SA 8000) (on working conditions) ILO-OSH 2001-IOC ILO Guidelines on occupational safety and health management OHSAS 18001 (health in the workplace and safety) Quality Management Standards ISO 9000 (International Organization of Standardization) EFQM (European Foundation for Quality Management) a model for achieving operational excellence. AA (AccountAbility) 1000. ISO CR MSS (management systems standards for corporate responsibility ISO). Environmental Management Standards EMAS (Eco-management and audit scheme) a voluntary program initiated by the European Commission. ISO 14000. The reports are documents, which announce the results of assessing the social impact of a CSR policy. The demand for greater transparency and social reporting from the business side has led to a recent increase of the interest in sustainability reporting, covering economic, social and ecological aspects. These reports exist since 1970s as a supplement of the annual report (Callaghan and Elkins 1981). Nowadays, with the recognition of the importance of the triple bottom line for sustainable development, social, ethical and environmental issues were added to the reports. Unlike financial reports, sustainability reports include a set of qualitative information, which is difficult to measure, especially in social indicators, which are still at an experimental stage. Regarding the concept of triple bottom line, it should be emphasized that it is the idea according to which the overall performance of a company is measured based on its combined contribution to economic prosperity, environme ntal quality and social capital (Crane and Matten 2005:169). The European Commission (2004) itself has given special attention in this matter. In its notification on Communication on the EU strategy for Sustainable Development - COM (2001) 264 it called publicly traded companies with at least 500 employees to introduce the triple bottom line in their annual statements so that shareholders can measure and evaluate its performance against economic, and social and ecological criteria. Some characteristic examples of initiatives in this area are: Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) with the Guidelines for Reporting (2002), which included reference files, content of reports and indicators for performance. AA1000s AccountAbility Model of results validation (assurance) by the Institute of Social and Ethical Accountability (European Commission 2004). SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION In the context of socially responsible consumption social and environmental signals are used. These terms describe tools based on the market, aimed primarily at consumers and showing that the production of specific product and commercial transactions and procedures that are followed, have respected a given set of criteria and standards. However, consumers today are interested in issues of ensuring the environment, health and safety at work and respect for human rights, particularly on child and forced labor. Overall, these signs are a way to convert concern into positive action and direction of consumer behavior to social and environmental domains. In the modern, globalized economy, the terms fair trade and ethical trade are dominant. The first concept refers to fair procedures, aim at supporting marginalized producers in rural industries and handicrafts, in developing countries (Phatak 1997). These objectives, which are developmental, are achieved through better access to the marke t, ensuring fair prices in the negotiations and stability in the revenue, by providing direct payments or prepayment. The second concept refers to activities by companies aiming at highlighting their moral, social and environmental responsibilities and promoting human rights and decent working conditions in global supply chains and production of products. Some examples are the following (Crane and Matten 2005:170): Organizations FLO International (Fair-Trade Labeling Organizations) world-class organization that sets standards and certification of fair trade. IFAT (International Federation for Alternative Trade) a network of institutions, which aims to provide opportunities, information and technical support and better access to markets. EFTA (European Fair Trade Association) an association of importers aiming at achieving the most fair trade effective imports, promote cooperation and information, awakening of public opinion and decision-makers. Social Signals Belgium Social Label Legal Framework of the Belgian government in 2001 that gave the right to companies to acquire a sign which is used in products produced in a production chain that is compatible with the rules of conduct of the International Labour Organisation. Rugmark Label it concerns the production of carpets in India and aims to eliminate child labor. The participants agree to ban child labor and to allow non-communicated controls at their factories. Flower Label Program aims at ensuring fair labor and environmental conditions in the industry of flower trade, such as respect for the principles of the ILO and the non-use of toxic pesticides and chemicals. Environmental Signals EU ECO LABEL a voluntary programme that started in 1992 to encourage the production and consumption of green products in Europe. It is used in products with reduced environmental impact, in compliance with established standards. These ecological standards are determined by a committee (EU ECO-LABELING BOARD) and take into account all phases of the life of a product from the production up to its use and its dismissal. FOREST STEWARDSHIP COUNCIL the international non-profit organization has launched a global program, which covers forest products and provides a credible guarantee that the product comes from a forest, whose management is assessed and certified in accordance with the agreed social, economic and environmental standards. PAN EUROPEAN FORESTRY CERTIFICATION a voluntary private sector initiative which aims to promote sustainable forest management at the local and national level. SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE INVESTING Through socially responsible investment (socially responsible investment SRI) a variety of approaches, products and tools offered to the social responsibility investors is shown. The socially responsible investment has become very popular in ordinary investors, because it combines financial objectives with their concerns regarding moral, social and environmental issues. This way, it represents a powerful means to change business behaviour, by translating values into positive action and promotion of social and environmental procedures and practices (Holme and Watts 2000). The investment for social purposes supports a specific purpose or activity and their funding through investments. Unlike donations, investors for social purposes are interested in the return of the initial investment, either through reward (for loans) or through shares. In this kind of investment individual investors can be involved. These investors can be either individual investors who are interested in private capital investments or institutional investors for investments within a context which is shaped by institutions and organizations such as pension funds, banks, insurance and asset management companies. There are the following ways for institutional investors to follow their social and ecological values: Through filtering (screening) which concerns the inclusion or exclusion of shares in investment portfolios based on ethical, social or ecological criteria. This can be achieved either by excluding companies involved, for example, in the production of nuclear weapons, or by selecting companies based on the evaluation of their social and environmental performance. Through activism or the involvement of shareholders, where in this case, the investors by using their shareholder identity support their social and environmental concerns and seek ways to influence the behavior of the enterprise through consultation with the management of the company, through resolutions on the annual meetings of shareholders or through disinvestment. By investing in non-conventional financial institutions (banks aiming at developing local communities and other credit institutions), which offer low interest loans to people who would not have access to capital. In this case, economic efficiency is less than the social for investors (cause related investment) (Kuratko and Morris 2002). Products featuring the socially responsible investment (SRI) are as follows: Mutual funds that use environmental, social and moral filters for portfolio selection (Green, Social and Ethical Funds). More and more pension funds invest their money according to social criteria. A variety of indices of sustainability and ethical investment have been designed and launched in stock exchange markets. They reflect and create standards and benchmarks for the performance of the shares of socially responsible companies, that try to become more sustainable. The usefulness of these indicators is to understand the relationship between the socially responsible investment and financial performance and thereby to attract capital. Examples of such indices are the Dow Jones Sustainability Index, FTSE4GOOD, Domini 400 Social Index and Ethical Sustainability Index. Listing Process. When companies wish via public offering to raise capital from the stock markets, they should issue documents such as brochures and business plans that will give to the investors the ability to evaluate the business they wish to invest. This process of revealing is essential for the fair and efficient operation of financial markets and is governed by extensive legislation to ensure that the business reports contain all information necessary for investors to recognise the risks associated with the business, including social and environmental perspectives. Procedures have been published in national and European level. More specifically, the EU Directive has been adopted in July 2003, which sets the framework for the standardization of information that should be revealed, but there is no reference to the disclosure of information regarding social and environmental issues. The socially responsible investment has grown into an emerging market with lots of specialized offi ces for investigation and evaluation of investments by non-financial analysts, and numerous tools and models of different content. For this reason, the European Commission expresses the need for standardization and harmonization of standards and transparency of the used tools. The socially responsible investments to contribute to the strengthening of CSR, should be developed by rating agencies, which can be independent consultants or investment banks SRI departments. Their criteria identify the reasons and factors according to which a socially responsible business achieved competitive advantage and business success. In addition, the creation of a multilateral forum on CSR (which was established in 2004) is proposed. This forum aims to promote transparency and convergence of practices and tools of CSR (Crane and Matten 2005:174). In conclusion, CSR is a concept which was originally associated with the concepts of charity and corporate philanthropy, and the principle of management. Through international, national and corporate initiatives, conventions, norms and codes of conduct, CSR acquired its contemporary form, which includes the internal (socially and environmentally responsible practices) and external dimension (interaction with local communities, business partners, authorities, non governmental organizations). Sectors of the company based on CSR are the socially responsible management (codes of conduct, management standards, reports), consumption (ethical and fair trade, environmental and social labels) and investment (mutual funds, investments of pension funds, publication procedures and indicators to sustainable social and ecological criteria). EPILOGUE GENERAL CONCLUSIONS In summary, the concept of corporate responsibility is difficult to pinpoint. In the present paper, it is accepted that corporate social responsibility is called the integration of social and environmental values in the strategy and activities of the businesses on a voluntary basis. CSR focuses on the triple basic principle , which covers both the financial as well as the social and environmental performance of a business. CSR refers to actions in areas as diverse as human rights, labor rights, environmental protection, involvement in community development and relationship building in the supply chain and with business partners. It is associated with several other concepts. Such are business ethics, which is related to the application of general ethical ideas in the business conduct, the notion of culture, namely the personality of each company, the status of corporate citizenship, under which the business undertakes to manage rights and cases relating to citizenship, corporate governance, which refers to the system of division of power within the organization and is associated with the need for transparency and social reporting and finally, the interested parties (stakeholders), that are involved with their actions to the operation and decisions of the company (Holme and Watts 2000). CSR appeared as a concept in the early 20th century. The fact that the company has a broader role in society was linked to the principle of beneficence and corporate philanthropy (the firm provides voluntary assistance), as well as with the principle of management (the company operates as a social guardian). It is noticed that there is an undertaking of a variety of initiatives by international organizations, businesses, countries and even individuals that are involved in the CSR by respecting human rights, providing guidance as well as to the involvement of companies in social reporting, fighting corruption, ensuring labor rights and protecting the natural environment. CSR has acquired an internal and external dimension. The first dimension concerns socially and environmentally responsible practices within the company, while the second is concerned with the interactive relationship that is created between the company and the various stakeholders such as local communities, business p artners or public authorities. In addition, the modern form of CSR includes three areas, or in other words, three basic tools, which can play an important role in achieving sustainable development. Socially responsible management includes codes of conduct, management and reporting standards, which offer principles, systems, procedures, Listen Read phonetically Dictionary View detailed dictionary applications, indicators and methods of measurement, evaluation and reporting. Socially responsible consumption deals with ethical and fair trade, and includes social and environmental signals, that certify the integration of social and environmental criteria into the production process. Finally, the socially responsible investment-is related with mutual funds, investments of pension funds, publication procedures and sustainability indicators with social and ecological criteria (Edgley et al. 2009). The factors, that mainly boosted CSR are associated with the increasing demands of society and public authorities for transparency and social assessment by businesses, particularly after the outbreak of major accountancy scandals. The benefits for a company from the adoption of CSR practices are the improvement of financial performance and the reduction of operating costs, the increase in prestige and positive reputation, the increase of sales and consumer loyalty, the attraction of human resources, the potential for reduced oversight by regulatory authorities, as well as access to capital. For society, an important benefit is that by integrating CSR values the road to achieving sustainable development is opened, an approach that accepts the pursuit of economic growth today while protecting resources for the development of tomorrow and meeting the needs of future generations. On the other hand, CSR entails costs, which concerns the time and costs for investing in CSR policies and tools, particularly from small and medium enterprises, which lack the appropriate expertise and resources. In addition, the fuzzy boundaries of CSR as a new practice, coupled with the lack of legislation and uncertainty as to the credibility and effectiveness of the tools and political action can create additional costs for the company. It is notable that the criticism that CSR has received i.e. that it is a superficial practice, having as a sole aim to beautify the unbridled capitalism and increase corporate earnings without any substantial contribution to social welfare. However, more and more companies adopt CSR policies. It is noticed an integration of practices on the preservation of health and safety at work and on the protection the environment both in developed and in developing countries (Chiquita and Shell), to encourage sustainable farming methods and recycling (Starbu cks Coffee), gender equality and combating racial discrimination in the workplace (Deloitte Touche), campaigns against major diseases (Levi Strauss for the HIV virus), and policies to address ethical dilemmas in the management and corruption (Motorola) . The importance attributed to specific practices and social responsibility, is evidenced by the growing number of tools and measurement indicators, such as the FTSE4Good series of indicators of the well-known firm FTSE, but also to reward socially responsible companies through the lists and awards of organizations, the press and other key stakeholders such as the European Commission (List of 100 Best Workplaces in the EU) (European Commission 2004). Listen Read phonetically Dictionary View detailed dictionary In conclusion, it should be noted that corporate social responsibility is at a crossroad. After a decade of development, a reasonable question as to what may be the future of CSR is posed. Is it a trend in the business world, which will soon be over? Will CSR reach full implementation and integration through its establishment in the business strategy and action? Alternatively, will it take another form, by changing the data in the business scene? The visualization of CSR future is a challenge of CSR, but also an opportunity for companies looking to maintain their economic prosperity in an increasingly complex business environment. At the same time, the question arises on how long-term benefit and prosperity for all stakeholders can be achieved. CSR appears as a reality, not just as an option. The future of the world is related to the future of the businesses. Today, corporate responsibility is a fact. The central question facing businesses is how to direct their potential in the service of public interest while preserving and strengthening elements, such as the innovation and competitive advantage. This fact constitutes to the central challenge of the idea of CSR, which in the coming decades should achieve the dual goal for successful businesses and thriving communities, by escaping from the unilateral satisfaction of the interests of shareholders. Listen Read phonetically Dictionary View detailed dictionary

Comparing The Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde

Comparative Task Comparing ‘The Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde’ And ‘Frankenstein’ When comparing the similarities and differences between Mary Shelley’s story of ‘Frankenstein’ and Robert Louis Stevenson’s story of ‘The Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde’, it was found that although the characters in both stories suffer an unhealthy obsession/addiction to their scientific work and even though both Frankenstein and Dr. Jekyll had good intentions for their creations, the outcome of the Monster and Mr. Hyde were practically opposites of one another. The characters in both ‘Frankenstein’ and ‘The Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde’ suffer an unhealthy obsession/addiction to their scientific work and revenge. In Stevenson’s story of ‘The Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde’, the character Dr. Jekyll is dominated by his narcotic and relentless need to settle his unhealthy craving for larger quantities of the potion which turns him into the evil and cruel Mr. Hyde. The main protagonist states his fail when he says â€Å"†¦and it was as an ordinary secret sinner that I at last fell before the assaults of temptation.† Throughout the novel and movies produced, there are detailed events in which Mr. Hyde is portrayed as a raving addict. Dr. Jekyll not greeting his friend Utterson, showed the audience that Dr. Jekyll’s lack of the substance sent him spiralling into a sort of depression and ‘down’ period. Like any drug or alcohol addicted person, this w as due to hisShow MoreRelatedDr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde Case Study1621 Words   |  7 Pages1 Inner Demons Although Dr. Jekyll struggled with the noticeable inner demon that was Mr. Hyde, many tend to overlook the true inner demon that initially provoked Dr. Jekyll to create the potion which ultimately lead to his downfall. In Stevenson’s The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Henry Jekyll was not satisfied with his life, even though he had everything he could ever ask for, and this is when his inner demon took over as he stated, â€Å"Hence it came about that I concealed my pleasures;Read More The Gothic Novel Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Essay examples1403 Words   |  6 PagesTo what extent can The strange case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde be viewed as a gothic novel? Jekyll and Hyde is a gothic novel. It was written by Robert Louis Stevenson, he got the idea for the story after a dream he had. The word ‘Goth’ is originally from a German tribe and has come to mean ‘barbarian’ and later know as ‘Gothic’. In Gothic Literature certain features are expected. These are supernatural events, have villains and hero characters, strange weather, horror, mystery and deathsRead MoreEssay on Dual Personalities in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Stevenson1313 Words   |  6 PagesDual Personalities in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Stevenson INTRO The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde is a classic mystery story, enticing to all audiences merely upon it’s suspense alone. When Stevenson first wrote the story (after recalling a dream he had) he had only the intentions of writing such an entertaining tale. Yet at the suggestion of his wife, he decided to revamp the mystery to comment on the dual nature of man and of society in general. I believe that Stevenson is suggestingRead More Personality and the Beast Within in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde981 Words   |  4 PagesPersonality and the Beast Within in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Everyone has a dual personality, two sides, good and evil. Robert Louis Stephenson uses the book to explain this, he wanted people to realise that not only Dr Jekyll carries a double personality, but the other characters in the book too. Also the people reading it must see that they too, are a part of this frightening uncontrollable fact, that there is â€Å"the beast within† us all. Stephenson suggests that allRead MoreComparing Human Nature in Macbeth and Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde1596 Words   |  7 PagesDr Jekyll and Mr Hyde CA The strange case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde was written in the Victorian Era by Robert Louis Stevenson, this novella dwells into the concept of the duality of human nature. The narrative is extremely fragmented structure due to the use of multiple narrators and through the use of mixed media, in the form of letters and accounts. The inconsistent structure conveys that of a gothic detective story; which were very popular in the Victorian era. Victorian London at the time wasRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1474 Words   |  6 Pagesinterpretation to their existence? In the Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Hyde is without a doubt a monster. His appearance is strange, his behavior erratic, and his morals nonexistent. The respectable Dr. Jekyll morphs into Mr. Hyde by consuming an odd potion. In the form of Mr. Hyde, Dr. Jekyll fulfills the dark needs that he has. Yet, that is not really the reason that he appears to be scary to other people. Throughout the book many people describe Hyde as being deformed and creepy in a wayRead MoreHow Does Stevenson Portray the Duality of Man in the Opening Chapters of ‘the Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’?1845 Words   |  8 Pagesopening chapters of ‘The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’? Stevenson writes ‘The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’ with the intention of showing the reader the duality of man and explores this through the juxtaposition of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. In this novella, Stevenson also uses the environment and setting of the story to represent the contrast between Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. In the opening chapters of ‘The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’, the Soho area of VictorianRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1126 Words   |  5 Pagesbetween outer and inner worlds, between the rush of experience and the immobility of awareness†. Robert Louis Stevenson’s 1886 novel, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, brilliantly exemplifies the philosophical phenomenon that is the duality of human nature through the 2 main characters that coexist interdependently together, Henry Jekyll and Edward Hyde. According to Webster’s dictionary, the duplicity of human beings is based on the contradictory doubleness of thought, speech, or action;Read MoreDr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1887 Words   |  8 Pagesperson† when he consumes his particular poison. â€Å"Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† is the story of an addict whose inebriated self just happens to have a different name. It does not matter what the solution he drinks for his transformation is supposed to represent, whether alcohol, opium, heroin, or some other substance—he checks off every box for addictive and self destructive behavior. There can be no clearer interpretation of â€Å"Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† than that it is a polemic against the prevalentRead MoreA Comparison of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and Fight Club3130 Words   |  13 PagesIntroduction The purpose of my essay is to compare and contrast the novel titled Fight Club, written by Chuck Palahniuk, and the story, dated back to the Victorian age, known as The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, written by Robert Louis Stevenson. I will compare these two works by evaluating how these two authors represent the theme of dual/split personalities within a specific character found in within each of their respective stories. Each author portrays the idea of dual personalities

Facts About Frass (Bug Poop)

Insects do poop, but we call their poop frass. Some insect frass is liquid, while other insects form their frass into pellets. In any case, the insect is eliminating waste from its body through its anus, which meets the definition of poop, for sure. Some insects dont let their waste go to waste. The insect world is filled with examples of bugs that use their frass for food, for self-defense, or even for construction material. Insects That Put Their Poop to Good Use Termites arent born with the gut microbes needed to digest wood, so they first feed on feces from adults, often right from their anuses. Along with the frass, the young ingest some microbes, which then set up shop in their guts. This practice, called anal trophallaxis, is also practiced by some ants. Bess beetles, which also feed on wood, dont have larval jaws strong enough to handle the tough fiber. They feed on the protein-rich poop of their adult caretakers instead. Bess beetles also use poop to construct protective pupal cases. The larvae cant do the work on their own, though. Adults help them form the feces into a case around them. Three-lined potato beetles use their poop as an unusual defense against predators. When feeding on nightshade plants, the beetles ingest alkaloids, which are toxic to animal predators. The toxins get excreted in their frass. As the beetles poop, they contract muscles to direct the flow of feces onto their backs. Soon, the beetles are piled high with poop, an effective chemical shield against predators. How Social Insects Keep the Poop From Piling Up Social insects  need to keep a sanitary household, and  they employ clever housekeeping strategies to remove or contain all that frass. Frass cleanup is usually a job for adult insects. Adult  cockroaches  gather up all the poop and carry it out of the nest. Some wood-boring beetle adults pack frass into older, unused tunnels. In some leafcutter ant colonies, specific ants get the poop removal job and spend their entire lives carting off their familys frass. Being the designated pooper scooper is a thankless job, and relegates these individuals to the bottom of the social ladder. Social bees can hold their poop in for weeks or months at a time.  Bee larvae  have a blind gut, separate from the alimentary canal. The poop simply accumulates in the blind gut through their development. When they become adults, the young bees expel all the accumulated waste in one giant fecal pellet, called the meconium.  Honey bees  ceremoniously drop their mighty larval turds on their first flights from the nest. Termite  guts contain specialized bacteria that sanitize their feces. Their poop is so clean they can use it as construction material when building their nests. Eastern tent caterpillars  live together in silken tents, which quickly fill with frass. They expand their tents as they grow and the poop accumulates, to keep some distance between them and their frass. Insect Poop in the Ecosystem Frass makes the world go round, in some important ways. Insects take the worlds waste, digest it, and poop out something useful. Scientists discovered a link between the rainforest canopy and the forest floor. It was insect poop. Millions of insects inhabit the treetops, munching away on leaves and other plant parts. All those insects also poop, covering the ground below with their frass. Microbes go to work decomposing the frass, releasing nutrients back into the soil. Trees and other plants need the nutrient-rich soil to thrive. Some insects, like  termites  and  dung beetles, serve as primary decomposers in their ecosystems. Termite digestive systems are chock full of microbes capable of breaking down stubborn cellulose and lignin from wood. Termites and other wood-eating insects do the hard part, then pass the significantly decomposed plant bits on to secondary decomposers through their frass. An enormous percentage of forest biomass passes through insect guts, on its way to becoming  new soil. And how about rotting carcasses and animal dung? Insects help break down all the nasty bits in the environment and turn them into something much less objectionable, frass. Most insect poop isnt large enough to contain whole seeds, but poop from big grasshoppers called wetas is an exception to that rule. Scientists found the wetas, which live in New Zealand, can poop viable fruit seeds. The seeds found in weta frass germinate better than seeds which simply fall to the ground. Since the wetas move, they carry the fruit seeds to new locations, helping trees spread throughout the ecosystem.

Analysis Of The Book Goodbye, Columbus - 1586 Words

The Eternal Journey The title of Philip Roth’s novel, Goodbye, Columbus, is symbolic of the journey one must take to define one’s individuality or discover one’s life purpose. Superficially, the title is a reference to the ending lyrics of Ron’s senior yearbook album as well as the physical location of Ohio State University in which Ron Patimkin graduated from. With closer analysis, it becomes evident that the title extends to a much deeper meaning of the overall theme of self-examination and self-identity for the protagonist, Neil Klugman. The title, Goodbye, Columbus, primarily acts as an essential metaphor between the expedition Christopher Columbus takes in search of a westward route to India and the life journey Neil embarks upon to discover his identity both in terms of his socioeconomic status and Jewish heritage. The title both clarifies and foreshadows the fate Neil ultimately realizes as he pursues a relationship with Brenda Patimkin. Christopher Columbus’ main motive of his journey was to discover a shorter passageway to India to trade riches. Similarly, Neil pursues a relationship with Brenda not solely for lust, but more so, as an avenue to identify with the wealthy upper-middle class society of the Patimkins. As Neil drives to visit Brenda for the first time in Short Hills, he realizes in his car that â€Å"the hundred and eighty feet that the suburbs rose in altitude above Newark brought one closer to heaven† (581). For Neil, Short Hill represents a sense ofShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book Goodbye Columbus Essay993 Words   |  4 PagesI can relate my self with in this class is, Goodbye, Columbus. The story consists of human experiences in different forms I can relate to. One of the prime human experiences that occurred in this text is love. Moreover, discrimination was focused on as well. Even more, the human experience that is vital in this story is moving on from an unfortunate experience rather than allowing it to interfere with their future. The main character in Goodbye Columbus is Neil Klugman. The experiences Neil accomplishedRead MoreLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 PagesAdventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain (1884) Pharaoh, by BolesÅ‚aw Prus (1895) What Maisie Knew, by Henry James (1897)[23] 20th century[edit] The Confusions of Young Tà ¶rless, by Robert Musil (1906) Martin Eden, by Jack London (1909)[24] The Book of Khalid, by Ameen Rihani (1911)[25] Le Grand Meaulnes, by Alain-Fournier (1913) Sons and Lovers, by D. H. Lawrence (1913)[26] Of Human Bondage, by W. Somerset Maugham (1915) A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, by James Joyce (1916)[27] Demian:Read MoreFundamental Financial Accounting Concepts13807 Words   |  56 Pagesincluding, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States. This book is printed on acid-free paper. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 DOW/DOW 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 ISBN MHID 978-0-07-802536-5 0-07-802536-2 Vice president and editor-in-chief: Brent Gordon Publisher: Tim Vertovec Senior sponsoring editor: Dana L. Woo Executive directorRead MoreA Doll House by Henrik Ibsen7379 Words   |  30 Pageshis and Noras marriage. After literally dragging Nora home from the party, Torvald goes to check his mail, but is interrupted by Dr. Rank, who has followed them. Dr. Rank chats for a while so as to convey obliquely to Nora that this is a final goodbye, as he has determined that his death is near, but in general terms so that Torvald does not suspect what he is referring to Dr. Rank leaves, and Torvald retrieves his letters. As he reads them Nora steels herself to take her life. Torvald confrontsRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 PagesStrategic Marketing Management Dedication This book is dedicated to the authors’ wives – Gillian and Rosie – and to Ben Gilligan for their support while it was being written. Acknowledgements Our thanks go to Janice Nunn for all the effort that she put in to the preparation of the manuscript. Strategic Marketing Management Planning, implementation and control Third edition Richard M.S. Wilson Emeritus Professor of Business Administration The Business School Loughborough University Read MoreImpact of Science on Society38427 Words   |  154 Pagesof America, an NBC/BBC joint production for the US Bicentennial. Burke’s 10-part television series Connections, which aired in 1979, attracted one of the largest followings ever for a Public Broadcasting Station documentary series, and the companion book was a bestseller in both the UK and the US. The series, which took a year of research and another year to film at more than 100 locations in 22 countries, surveyed the history of technology and social change by tracing the evolution of eight majorRead MoreImpact of Science on Society38421 Words   |  154 Pagesof America, an NBC/BBC joint production for the US Bicentennial. Burke’s 10-part television series Connections, which aired in 1979, attracted one of the largest followings ever for a Public Broadcasting Station documentary series, and the companion book was a bestseller in both the UK and the US. The series, which took a year of research and another year to film at more than 100 locations in 22 countries, surveyed the history of technology and social change by tracing the evolution of eight major

Anthony Storrs A Very Short Introduction Essay - 978 Words

Anthony Storrs A Very Short Introduction is a book written about none other than Sigmund Freud. Born into the Jewish religion of which he had no interest in taking part of, Freud was an exceptional man who was very advanced, aware of his surroundings and stubborn. This man was a psychologist, doctor of medical and the Albert Einstein of psychoanalysis if I should say. Freud had a lot of theorys which everyone along with myself didnt quite agree with them all. Born on the 6th day of may in 1856, a man by the name of Sigmund Freud was not only smart; unique in his ways as a boy. He wouldnt even sit at the dinner table with his family for supper, that had to be done separately from them because during eating times, he†¦show more content†¦During the years of 1885-1886 Freuds train of thought changed; he realized that in order for him to understand hysteria, he would have to study psychology and not neurology. He believed that the main characteristic of the neurotic person was a lack of normal sex, thats ironic for him to say because not one time threw out this book did I hear him speak on his own sex life, which would lead me to think he didnt have children if he hadnt spoken of them. Freud beliefs of young men between the age of four-five in the phallic stage being sexually interested in their mother and aggression towards the father is by far bizarre and disturbing to me. It seems that everything that had to do with neurology in somewhat way lead back to some form of sex or sexuality. In 1892 Freud stopped doing hypnotist practices and changed to free association in order to increase his understanding of neurosis theory. This man believed every symbol in ones dream had to do with something of sex, umbrellas were the symbols of the penis, purses were the symbols of the vagina. Truly dont understand how he came to that consumption but never the less he was unique in his own way of thought. In one instance Freud became upset when he realized that his patents were emotionally attached to him during their sessions, his first though was that it was an erotic attachment. Even though Freud