Comparing The Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde

Comparative Task Comparing ‘The Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde’ And ‘Frankenstein’ When comparing the similarities and differences between Mary Shelley’s story of ‘Frankenstein’ and Robert Louis Stevenson’s story of ‘The Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde’, it was found that although the characters in both stories suffer an unhealthy obsession/addiction to their scientific work and even though both Frankenstein and Dr. Jekyll had good intentions for their creations, the outcome of the Monster and Mr. Hyde were practically opposites of one another. The characters in both ‘Frankenstein’ and ‘The Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde’ suffer an unhealthy obsession/addiction to their scientific work and revenge. In Stevenson’s story of ‘The Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde’, the character Dr. Jekyll is dominated by his narcotic and relentless need to settle his unhealthy craving for larger quantities of the potion which turns him into the evil and cruel Mr. Hyde. The main protagonist states his fail when he says â€Å"†¦and it was as an ordinary secret sinner that I at last fell before the assaults of temptation.† Throughout the novel and movies produced, there are detailed events in which Mr. Hyde is portrayed as a raving addict. Dr. Jekyll not greeting his friend Utterson, showed the audience that Dr. Jekyll’s lack of the substance sent him spiralling into a sort of depression and ‘down’ period. Like any drug or alcohol addicted person, this w as due to hisShow MoreRelatedDr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde Case Study1621 Words   |  7 Pages1 Inner Demons Although Dr. Jekyll struggled with the noticeable inner demon that was Mr. Hyde, many tend to overlook the true inner demon that initially provoked Dr. Jekyll to create the potion which ultimately lead to his downfall. In Stevenson’s The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Henry Jekyll was not satisfied with his life, even though he had everything he could ever ask for, and this is when his inner demon took over as he stated, â€Å"Hence it came about that I concealed my pleasures;Read More The Gothic Novel Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Essay examples1403 Words   |  6 PagesTo what extent can The strange case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde be viewed as a gothic novel? Jekyll and Hyde is a gothic novel. It was written by Robert Louis Stevenson, he got the idea for the story after a dream he had. The word ‘Goth’ is originally from a German tribe and has come to mean ‘barbarian’ and later know as ‘Gothic’. In Gothic Literature certain features are expected. These are supernatural events, have villains and hero characters, strange weather, horror, mystery and deathsRead MoreEssay on Dual Personalities in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Stevenson1313 Words   |  6 PagesDual Personalities in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Stevenson INTRO The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde is a classic mystery story, enticing to all audiences merely upon it’s suspense alone. When Stevenson first wrote the story (after recalling a dream he had) he had only the intentions of writing such an entertaining tale. Yet at the suggestion of his wife, he decided to revamp the mystery to comment on the dual nature of man and of society in general. I believe that Stevenson is suggestingRead More Personality and the Beast Within in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde981 Words   |  4 PagesPersonality and the Beast Within in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Everyone has a dual personality, two sides, good and evil. Robert Louis Stephenson uses the book to explain this, he wanted people to realise that not only Dr Jekyll carries a double personality, but the other characters in the book too. Also the people reading it must see that they too, are a part of this frightening uncontrollable fact, that there is â€Å"the beast within† us all. Stephenson suggests that allRead MoreComparing Human Nature in Macbeth and Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde1596 Words   |  7 PagesDr Jekyll and Mr Hyde CA The strange case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde was written in the Victorian Era by Robert Louis Stevenson, this novella dwells into the concept of the duality of human nature. The narrative is extremely fragmented structure due to the use of multiple narrators and through the use of mixed media, in the form of letters and accounts. The inconsistent structure conveys that of a gothic detective story; which were very popular in the Victorian era. Victorian London at the time wasRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1474 Words   |  6 Pagesinterpretation to their existence? In the Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Hyde is without a doubt a monster. His appearance is strange, his behavior erratic, and his morals nonexistent. The respectable Dr. Jekyll morphs into Mr. Hyde by consuming an odd potion. In the form of Mr. Hyde, Dr. Jekyll fulfills the dark needs that he has. Yet, that is not really the reason that he appears to be scary to other people. Throughout the book many people describe Hyde as being deformed and creepy in a wayRead MoreHow Does Stevenson Portray the Duality of Man in the Opening Chapters of ‘the Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’?1845 Words   |  8 Pagesopening chapters of ‘The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’? Stevenson writes ‘The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’ with the intention of showing the reader the duality of man and explores this through the juxtaposition of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. In this novella, Stevenson also uses the environment and setting of the story to represent the contrast between Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. In the opening chapters of ‘The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde’, the Soho area of VictorianRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1126 Words   |  5 Pagesbetween outer and inner worlds, between the rush of experience and the immobility of awareness†. Robert Louis Stevenson’s 1886 novel, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, brilliantly exemplifies the philosophical phenomenon that is the duality of human nature through the 2 main characters that coexist interdependently together, Henry Jekyll and Edward Hyde. According to Webster’s dictionary, the duplicity of human beings is based on the contradictory doubleness of thought, speech, or action;Read MoreDr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1887 Words   |  8 Pagesperson† when he consumes his particular poison. â€Å"Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† is the story of an addict whose inebriated self just happens to have a different name. It does not matter what the solution he drinks for his transformation is supposed to represent, whether alcohol, opium, heroin, or some other substance—he checks off every box for addictive and self destructive behavior. There can be no clearer interpretation of â€Å"Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† than that it is a polemic against the prevalentRead MoreA Comparison of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and Fight Club3130 Words   |  13 PagesIntroduction The purpose of my essay is to compare and contrast the novel titled Fight Club, written by Chuck Palahniuk, and the story, dated back to the Victorian age, known as The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, written by Robert Louis Stevenson. I will compare these two works by evaluating how these two authors represent the theme of dual/split personalities within a specific character found in within each of their respective stories. Each author portrays the idea of dual personalities

Facts About Frass (Bug Poop)

Insects do poop, but we call their poop frass. Some insect frass is liquid, while other insects form their frass into pellets. In any case, the insect is eliminating waste from its body through its anus, which meets the definition of poop, for sure. Some insects dont let their waste go to waste. The insect world is filled with examples of bugs that use their frass for food, for self-defense, or even for construction material. Insects That Put Their Poop to Good Use Termites arent born with the gut microbes needed to digest wood, so they first feed on feces from adults, often right from their anuses. Along with the frass, the young ingest some microbes, which then set up shop in their guts. This practice, called anal trophallaxis, is also practiced by some ants. Bess beetles, which also feed on wood, dont have larval jaws strong enough to handle the tough fiber. They feed on the protein-rich poop of their adult caretakers instead. Bess beetles also use poop to construct protective pupal cases. The larvae cant do the work on their own, though. Adults help them form the feces into a case around them. Three-lined potato beetles use their poop as an unusual defense against predators. When feeding on nightshade plants, the beetles ingest alkaloids, which are toxic to animal predators. The toxins get excreted in their frass. As the beetles poop, they contract muscles to direct the flow of feces onto their backs. Soon, the beetles are piled high with poop, an effective chemical shield against predators. How Social Insects Keep the Poop From Piling Up Social insects  need to keep a sanitary household, and  they employ clever housekeeping strategies to remove or contain all that frass. Frass cleanup is usually a job for adult insects. Adult  cockroaches  gather up all the poop and carry it out of the nest. Some wood-boring beetle adults pack frass into older, unused tunnels. In some leafcutter ant colonies, specific ants get the poop removal job and spend their entire lives carting off their familys frass. Being the designated pooper scooper is a thankless job, and relegates these individuals to the bottom of the social ladder. Social bees can hold their poop in for weeks or months at a time.  Bee larvae  have a blind gut, separate from the alimentary canal. The poop simply accumulates in the blind gut through their development. When they become adults, the young bees expel all the accumulated waste in one giant fecal pellet, called the meconium.  Honey bees  ceremoniously drop their mighty larval turds on their first flights from the nest. Termite  guts contain specialized bacteria that sanitize their feces. Their poop is so clean they can use it as construction material when building their nests. Eastern tent caterpillars  live together in silken tents, which quickly fill with frass. They expand their tents as they grow and the poop accumulates, to keep some distance between them and their frass. Insect Poop in the Ecosystem Frass makes the world go round, in some important ways. Insects take the worlds waste, digest it, and poop out something useful. Scientists discovered a link between the rainforest canopy and the forest floor. It was insect poop. Millions of insects inhabit the treetops, munching away on leaves and other plant parts. All those insects also poop, covering the ground below with their frass. Microbes go to work decomposing the frass, releasing nutrients back into the soil. Trees and other plants need the nutrient-rich soil to thrive. Some insects, like  termites  and  dung beetles, serve as primary decomposers in their ecosystems. Termite digestive systems are chock full of microbes capable of breaking down stubborn cellulose and lignin from wood. Termites and other wood-eating insects do the hard part, then pass the significantly decomposed plant bits on to secondary decomposers through their frass. An enormous percentage of forest biomass passes through insect guts, on its way to becoming  new soil. And how about rotting carcasses and animal dung? Insects help break down all the nasty bits in the environment and turn them into something much less objectionable, frass. Most insect poop isnt large enough to contain whole seeds, but poop from big grasshoppers called wetas is an exception to that rule. Scientists found the wetas, which live in New Zealand, can poop viable fruit seeds. The seeds found in weta frass germinate better than seeds which simply fall to the ground. Since the wetas move, they carry the fruit seeds to new locations, helping trees spread throughout the ecosystem.

Analysis Of The Book Goodbye, Columbus - 1586 Words

The Eternal Journey The title of Philip Roth’s novel, Goodbye, Columbus, is symbolic of the journey one must take to define one’s individuality or discover one’s life purpose. Superficially, the title is a reference to the ending lyrics of Ron’s senior yearbook album as well as the physical location of Ohio State University in which Ron Patimkin graduated from. With closer analysis, it becomes evident that the title extends to a much deeper meaning of the overall theme of self-examination and self-identity for the protagonist, Neil Klugman. The title, Goodbye, Columbus, primarily acts as an essential metaphor between the expedition Christopher Columbus takes in search of a westward route to India and the life journey Neil embarks upon to discover his identity both in terms of his socioeconomic status and Jewish heritage. The title both clarifies and foreshadows the fate Neil ultimately realizes as he pursues a relationship with Brenda Patimkin. Christopher Columbus’ main motive of his journey was to discover a shorter passageway to India to trade riches. Similarly, Neil pursues a relationship with Brenda not solely for lust, but more so, as an avenue to identify with the wealthy upper-middle class society of the Patimkins. As Neil drives to visit Brenda for the first time in Short Hills, he realizes in his car that â€Å"the hundred and eighty feet that the suburbs rose in altitude above Newark brought one closer to heaven† (581). For Neil, Short Hill represents a sense ofShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book Goodbye Columbus Essay993 Words   |  4 PagesI can relate my self with in this class is, Goodbye, Columbus. The story consists of human experiences in different forms I can relate to. One of the prime human experiences that occurred in this text is love. Moreover, discrimination was focused on as well. Even more, the human experience that is vital in this story is moving on from an unfortunate experience rather than allowing it to interfere with their future. The main character in Goodbye Columbus is Neil Klugman. The experiences Neil accomplishedRead MoreLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 PagesAdventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain (1884) Pharaoh, by BolesÅ‚aw Prus (1895) What Maisie Knew, by Henry James (1897)[23] 20th century[edit] The Confusions of Young Tà ¶rless, by Robert Musil (1906) Martin Eden, by Jack London (1909)[24] The Book of Khalid, by Ameen Rihani (1911)[25] Le Grand Meaulnes, by Alain-Fournier (1913) Sons and Lovers, by D. H. Lawrence (1913)[26] Of Human Bondage, by W. Somerset Maugham (1915) A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, by James Joyce (1916)[27] Demian:Read MoreFundamental Financial Accounting Concepts13807 Words   |  56 Pagesincluding, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States. This book is printed on acid-free paper. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 DOW/DOW 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 ISBN MHID 978-0-07-802536-5 0-07-802536-2 Vice president and editor-in-chief: Brent Gordon Publisher: Tim Vertovec Senior sponsoring editor: Dana L. Woo Executive directorRead MoreA Doll House by Henrik Ibsen7379 Words   |  30 Pageshis and Noras marriage. After literally dragging Nora home from the party, Torvald goes to check his mail, but is interrupted by Dr. Rank, who has followed them. Dr. Rank chats for a while so as to convey obliquely to Nora that this is a final goodbye, as he has determined that his death is near, but in general terms so that Torvald does not suspect what he is referring to Dr. Rank leaves, and Torvald retrieves his letters. As he reads them Nora steels herself to take her life. Torvald confrontsRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 PagesStrategic Marketing Management Dedication This book is dedicated to the authors’ wives – Gillian and Rosie – and to Ben Gilligan for their support while it was being written. Acknowledgements Our thanks go to Janice Nunn for all the effort that she put in to the preparation of the manuscript. Strategic Marketing Management Planning, implementation and control Third edition Richard M.S. Wilson Emeritus Professor of Business Administration The Business School Loughborough University Read MoreImpact of Science on Society38427 Words   |  154 Pagesof America, an NBC/BBC joint production for the US Bicentennial. Burke’s 10-part television series Connections, which aired in 1979, attracted one of the largest followings ever for a Public Broadcasting Station documentary series, and the companion book was a bestseller in both the UK and the US. The series, which took a year of research and another year to film at more than 100 locations in 22 countries, surveyed the history of technology and social change by tracing the evolution of eight majorRead MoreImpact of Science on Society38421 Words   |  154 Pagesof America, an NBC/BBC joint production for the US Bicentennial. Burke’s 10-part television series Connections, which aired in 1979, attracted one of the largest followings ever for a Public Broadcasting Station documentary series, and the companion book was a bestseller in both the UK and the US. The series, which took a year of research and another year to film at more than 100 locations in 22 countries, surveyed the history of technology and social change by tracing the evolution of eight major

Anthony Storrs A Very Short Introduction Essay - 978 Words

Anthony Storrs A Very Short Introduction is a book written about none other than Sigmund Freud. Born into the Jewish religion of which he had no interest in taking part of, Freud was an exceptional man who was very advanced, aware of his surroundings and stubborn. This man was a psychologist, doctor of medical and the Albert Einstein of psychoanalysis if I should say. Freud had a lot of theorys which everyone along with myself didnt quite agree with them all. Born on the 6th day of may in 1856, a man by the name of Sigmund Freud was not only smart; unique in his ways as a boy. He wouldnt even sit at the dinner table with his family for supper, that had to be done separately from them because during eating times, he†¦show more content†¦During the years of 1885-1886 Freuds train of thought changed; he realized that in order for him to understand hysteria, he would have to study psychology and not neurology. He believed that the main characteristic of the neurotic person was a lack of normal sex, thats ironic for him to say because not one time threw out this book did I hear him speak on his own sex life, which would lead me to think he didnt have children if he hadnt spoken of them. Freud beliefs of young men between the age of four-five in the phallic stage being sexually interested in their mother and aggression towards the father is by far bizarre and disturbing to me. It seems that everything that had to do with neurology in somewhat way lead back to some form of sex or sexuality. In 1892 Freud stopped doing hypnotist practices and changed to free association in order to increase his understanding of neurosis theory. This man believed every symbol in ones dream had to do with something of sex, umbrellas were the symbols of the penis, purses were the symbols of the vagina. Truly dont understand how he came to that consumption but never the less he was unique in his own way of thought. In one instance Freud became upset when he realized that his patents were emotionally attached to him during their sessions, his first though was that it was an erotic attachment. Even though Freud

Tikopia of Melanesia free essay sample

Tikopia of Melanesia Barbara Pritchard Anthropology 101 Instructor Tawny Townsend June 27, 2011 Tikopia of Melanesia Tikopia of Melanesia has been through many different changes in their society. Agriculture also known as agricultural states is their primary mode of subsistence; you may also call them emerging agriculturalists. The island of Tikopia is lead by chiefs which are their traditional ritual leaders. â€Å"Chiefs are the economic focus in the Tikopian society†, (Nowak Laird, 2010).Another name for Tikopians village or community would be chiefdom. In this paper you will read about how, Tikopia of Melanesia is different in their subsistence practices, social change, political organizations, and beliefs and values. Subsistence Practices Tikopia practices a precise method of agriculture. Tikopians search for clear forests and dried swamps, which provide them with irrigated land, access to markets, and trade routes. The empty land allows control over resources. Technology also plays a part in their subsistence practices. Technology may include intensive agriculture (for example, irrigation, terraces, and flood control) and trade infrastructure such as ships, ports, bridges, and roads. In addition, there may be ownership of technology, allowing for control over production and distribution†, (Nowak Laird, 2010, p. 146). Men mainly do the hard work, cleaning forests, building fences, and planting; the women do the gardening, take care of the children, and prepare food. The women and men both play major roles in their subsistence practices. They use balanced reciprocal exchange and redistribution to transport goods and services. Balanced reciprocal exchange is exchange with an agreement with a return of an equivalent item or an item with a greater value. â€Å"Redistribution is tribute, or the products of families’ or individuals’ labor, is collected in a central location and then sorted, counted, and either stored or given away to producers and non producers†, (Nowak Laird, 2010, p. 149). The men build canoes in order to transport their goods and services.While agriculture is the subsistence base for chiefdoms as well as agricultural states, â€Å"clan chiefs are the traditional political and ritual leaders of the â€Å"clan†; they hypothetically own all the land, are key figures in production and distribution, and major agents of social control because as a result of missionary activities, the Tikopians have become Christianized, and ritual advisors are no longer import,† (Firth 197 0). The way they survive their mode of subsistence, has an impact on their social change as well. Social Change The change occurred slowly, but the Christian missionaries transformed the local population throughout Melanesia to Christianity. Over the next thirty years, all of the chiefs in Tikopia and their follower’s had been converted to Christianity; which changed the Tikopians culture forever. This conversion leads to hostility between the Christians and the traditional communities. The conversion to Christianity has changed a lot of things in the Chiefdom communities.In Tahiti, for example, they have had to change the way they know to live in order to make it with a new religion. The change has made their cultural values decease. The coming of Christianity has also changed their beliefs. It took away their dance, music, temples, wood carvings, and more. Not everyone has been able to accept the coming of Christianity into their culture which causes conflict among the people. I am using the etic perspective because I am on the outside looking in. I will never know what exactly goes on.I only know what I read about. In order to know what really goes on, I would have to experience what they have experienced. I could use the emic perspective about how the changing from their original beliefs has affected their lives. I know that any major changes of any sort can be hard to adjust to, especially when you are used to doing things in a traditional or standard manor. Tikopia is considered a ranked society; which means, they are found in environments with many resources’. The chiefs in Tikopians society are known as the economic focus.The chiefs are the owners of the land, making sure that the commoner family groups have equal access to the land for cultivation. The distribution of land is reasonably divided by each family group chief. The land is divided into orchards for growing bananas, coconuts and yam gardens. The crops can only be access through shared agreement by the individual families. â€Å"Typically chiefs hold more land than commoners but the chiefs land is necessary in order for him to fulfill his ritual responsibilities,† (Nowak Laird, 2010). Political OrganizationsThe Chiefdoms have full time and permanent political positions to oversee the regions they govern. A chief is born into his position that is said to be reinforced by supernatural power. Being a chief is said to be sent from the gods; which, provides them with supernatural power of authority over their regions. A chief is â€Å"full time and permanent, outlasting the lifespan of the office holder,† (Nowak Laird, 2010, P. 14, Para. 1). Upon the death or retirement of a chief the office must be filled by his son or next in line for the position.The higher ranking chiefs have control over lesser ranking individuals of who controls a particular territory of a social unit. Although, lesser chiefs collect from those below them each small village has a leader or chief who is akin to and submissive to the head chief in the central community. â€Å"Chiefdoms can vary in their political complexity, some have only one level of political hierarchy; while others have two or even three tiers,† (Nowak Laird, 2010, P. 14, Para. 3). When a paramount chief dies in Tikopia an election is held among the lesser chiefs to replace him. Occasionally, Tikopia chiefs held total power in boundary over their people, particularly over their own clan members, though this power could be adapted by conventional methods of constraining a chief to respond to public opinion. Chiefs were and still are sacred and treated with great respect. Previously, chiefly families tended to form an intermarrying class, but nowadays unions between commoners and the children of chiefs are frequent. Beliefs and Values The original Tikopia religious system was oriented around rituals for various ancestors and gods.With the aim of obtaining such ends as favorable weather, crop productivity, success in fishing, and the curing of illness. Each chief has two sets of advisors, one for each ritual and spiritual affairs. For example, ancestors in genealogical rank-order may be among chiefdom’s supernatural beings, reflecting the social order. They believe that the material and spiritual world cannot be separated. Their religious views are repeated and based on â€Å"seasonal patterns of nature, and they believe that the natural order is impossible to tell apart from the moral and spiritual order,† (Nowak Laird, 2010, P. 1, Para. 1). Tikopia believe in spirit beings such as: ancestors, gods, and spirit powers that had took over human form. Tikopia community, led by their chiefs joined the church, thus drastically changing ceremonies and practitioners. Ceremonies being a major spirit being were worshipped in complex rites, with offerings of food and bark cloth. These ceremonies were performed in which canoes, crops, temples, and people were rededicated to gods and ancestors for protection and wealth. â€Å"Tikopia worked out an accommodation of Christianity that ultimately preserved many of their traditional practices.In some other Pacific Islands, Christian missionaries introduced the idea of competitive giving of money to the church and required members to wear Western-style clothing, practices that required the indigenous people not only to change their spiritual belief systems, but also required them to earn money and enter into nontraditional exchange relationships,† (Macdonald 113-7) Tikopians have become Christianized, and ritual advisors are no longer important. Although, the clans are hierarchically ranked, the chief of the highest ranked clan should be considered as first among equals, rather than as a true paramount chief.The original Tikopia religious system was oriented around rituals for various ancestors and gods, wit h the aim of obtaining such ends as favorable weather, crop productivity, success in fishing, and the curing of illness, and each chief has two sets of advisors, one for each ritual and spiritual affairs. Conclusion Even though, the clans were hierarchically ranked, the chief of the highest ranked clan should be considered as first among equals, rather than as a true paramount chief. Tikopia is lead by higher ranking chiefs, which has control over lesser ranking chiefs that control a particular territory.

Tourism Reduces Poverty- An Argumentative Essay †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Tourism Reduces Poverty- An Argumentative Essay. Answer: Introduction The term poverty denotes the condition in which the basic amenities of a person or a community like food, shelter and clothing are not met. Poverty is of two types-absolute poverty and relative poverty. The term absolute poverty refers to destitution and is a condition when people are unable to meet the sufficient resources (Hagenaars 2017). On the other hand, relative poverty is a condition when people do not enjoy minimum living standards. Given the reference of the report used in this case, the tourism industry has created the most number of employment in the developing countries. It was found that tourism has generated an amount of US$50 billion to USD$260 between the period of 1990 and 2007 for the developing countries. It was found that out of 46 of the 49 LDCs (Least Developing Countries), tourism is the main source of foreign exchange (Gmelch and Kaul 2018). The aim of the paper is to elucidate and support the contention that tourism reduces poverty with a focus on India and employs scholarly evidence to substantiate the argument. The paper sets to argue that tourism is beneficial for the reduction of poverty and also document counter arguments regarding the same. Tourism industry and its potential in the alleviation of poverty Tourism has direct, indirect and induced impacts on tourism. The induced impact of tourism is its contribution through the provision of direct and indirect employment. The impact of tourism has been found to be beneficial for the rise in GNP (Gross National Product) as it creates employment for the multiple stakeholders like the hotels, restaurants, handloom and handicraft industry, flea market, guides and local shopkeepers. Tourism development as an aspect in any country has been studied from the perspective of financial growth or economic modernization. In the area of development, the emphasis of most countries have been on identifying patterns of economic growth that augments the development. There are two critical paradigms of tourism that is related to poverty. One of them is tourism being labour-intensive and provides small-scale opportunities. Secondly, there is a thrust to revive the natural resources and value the cultural heritage which are significant for the marginalized section. Vanegas, Gartner and Senauer (2015) strongly beliee that tourism becomes an inclusive opportunity for women as it generates employment for them. It has been found that countries such as Bolivia, tourism has filled up 60 per cent of the seats; in case of Muslim countries it has been 10 per cent (Chen, Petrick and Shahvali 2016). The service orientation of the tourism industry combined with the emphasis on low-level domestic tasks enhances the possibility of employment for the women as they are largely involved in the employment sector. Tourists visit the country and return to their country, however the income ushered in through the tourists is instrumental for the contribution to the human capital. This generates income that is effective in developing the infrastructure to forge new business that is significant for the for generating income for the growing population in the context of India. Hugo and Nyaupane (2016) are of the opinion that in many developed and developing countries of the world tourism is the vehicle for earning foreign revenue. It also creates direct and indirect employment. Tourism has been reported to contribute to 5 per cent of the worlds GDP (Step.unwto.org 2018). WTTC (World Travel and Tourism Council) have reported that tourism contributes to 12 per cent of the GDP of the world and 40 per cent of the GDP of the developing countries of the world. In 2010, it was reported that tourism contributed to 12 per cent of the total GDP (Sharma and Kumar 2018). Tourism has been accounted for generating 8 per cent of employment and it is predicted to generate employment for 324 million and tourism also accounts for 36 per cent of the service exports in the advanced countries of the world (Brako and Joseph 2017). It is found to be the primary economic exchange for 47 per cent of the worlds economy. . It is also reported that it contributes to 66 per cent of the service exports for the developing countries. It is argued that tourism is considered as a major cause for poverty alleviation, generation of employment and also fosters human development. Tourism has indirect impact on the generation of income and employment. In the context of India, tourism is found to be contributing to one-third of the foreign exchange of the worlds foreign exchange revenue in India. In India, the tourism industry is the most vibrant industry and is predicted to be a multi-million industry. It was found that travel and tourism would generate culminate to 24, 931, 000 jobs for the multiple stakeholders in the tourism industry (Seetanah et al. 2017). This means hotels, travel agents, transportation and airlines will benefit from such a trend. According to Kalaiya and Kumar (2015) Kachchh is touted to be a bastion for immense possibilities to attract tourists from all over the world. There is a robust revival of the tourism sector thus making the Kachchh region a frontrunner in the tourism sector. It has been found that the Rannutsav in Kachchh has indirectly contributed to the livelihood of the local communities. The entry fee alone generated 516955 INR and the footfall of the tourists are 66656 in 2011 that includes NRI , foreign tourists, Gujarati community as well as the non-Gujarati people (Tang, Tiwari and Shahbaz 2016). The activities of hot air balloon and other terrain vehicles lead to the generation of 2.24 lakh INR. Tourism industry and the scope of alleviation of poverty Scholars who staunchly believe in the positive impact of tourism are of the opinion that the tourism industry generates employment for the poor and enable them to earn their livelihood (Antonakakis, Dragouni and Filis 2015). In this light, the PPT (Pro-poor tourism) needs to be discussed. The concept of Pro-poor tourism, also known as PPT, has been credited for generating multiple advantages for the poor. This orientation of tourism has a pro-poor approach as it ensures their growth. This can be witnessed in the creation of part-time employment along with a cluster of different livelihood benefits like access to road, markets, health, potable water and education. Mowforth and Munt (2015) argues that this kind of approach to tourism is not just labour intensive but is inclusive of women and also boosts the informal economy. Apart from private enterprises, the concerned communities, government, NGO and the tourists all have key roles to play in the alleviation of poverty. Irrespective of the size of the country, tourism is considered to provide boost for the generation of finance (Ravallion 2017). Tourism is believed to have strong linkage with other sectors of the economy like fisheries and agriculture. This kind of connection will augment the growth of tourism. Ravallion (2017) is firmly of the opinion that the rise in demand for one sector, it is believed that there will be a growth in the other sectors too like the transport sector. Tourism is premised on the natural resources which are the assets of the poor and therefore can be easily developed. Tourism also involves women who can become important vehicles in the alleviation of poverty. The variegated infrastructure related to the development of tourism like electricity, road and communication are believed to be pertinent for the several rural communities who would otherwise been deprived from the infrastructural provision (Holden 2016). Apart from direct and indirect modes of employment, tourism also has i mplications for induced employment. This underscore on re-expenditure of the income generated through direct and indirect means of employment. High employment opportunities in the tourism sector is contingent on four key areas that includes the presence of low paying jobs, pervasion of temporary and part-time jobs and seasonal intensity (Antonakakis, Dragouni and Filis 2015). Tourism is found to exhaust a series of non-traded goods and services from the local suppliers. Holden (2016) contends that over the past decade, there has been a remarkable proliferation in the tourism industry compared to other industries. The correlation between the alleviation of poverty and tourism is not a new issue but it has existed since 1960s. Countries that veer towards using tourism as a major source of income are found to be growing a faster pace than other competing countries. Another luminous example of reduction of poverty using tourism is the possibility of slum tourism in Dharavi (Nisbett 2017 ). Private players, charitable trust and various NGOs can come together and create tourist itineraries. It will also enable tourists to challenge the stenotypes in India and be aware about the detrimental effects of globalization. Argument against the role of tourism in the alleviation of poverty Studies have shown that tourism might always be in favour of the marginalized communities and poorer section of the society. It is reported that tourism has been in favour of the local elites, expatriate and international and international enterprises therefore generating low income and limiting the scope of employment for the poor. If the framework of tourism is poorly planned, organized and executed then it has potential to destroy the ecological system, it can raise the cost of living for the local communities and can have pernicious effects on the cultural, social and traditional lives of the people. Brako and Joseph (2017) argues that economic growth and development is not the only parameter for the alleviation of poverty. There needs to be a complete reorientation that would advocate the cause and interest of the poor. There needs to be a reconceptualization and reinterpretation in the existing laws, rules, regulations, customs and practices that would play a pivotal role in th e reduction of poverty. Contrary to the popular notion of tourism having the potential to reduce poverty, critics have argued it can lead to the commercial0ization of poverty and expose the concerned poor people to more problems (Nisbett 2017). In case of the Dharavi slum tourism, objections were raised by the government as it demeaning the image of the country in front of the foreign tourists and could counter the benefits reaped through tourism. Tourism can pose threat if it generating employment for one sector like fisheries and agriculture and is limiting the opportunities for other sectors. This leads to the condition of employment distortion. In case, technical staff and expatriate managers are employed at a higher rate, the local communities may express resentment on their loss. Another negative aspect related to tourism is related to the seasonal nature of tourism and therefore, it is not a sustainable option for the poor throughout the year (Mowforth and Munt 2015). Tourism poses threat to the destruction of cultural assets and the degradation of the cultural resources. In the broader context of the global issues related to the depletion of the resources and degradation of the environment, tourism can have negative effect on the environment. As noted by scholars, tourism as an industry demands a lot of expenditure and therefore, the lack of engagement of the poor can reduce the attraction of tourism from the poor destinations. Therefore, the income that would be generated would not benefit the poor but the affluent and well-off sections of the society as consistent with the trickle effect. Since tourism is directly proportional to the socio-cultural, political, environmental and economic condition, the absence of social security and insurance can push the poor towards more vulnerable condition (Vanegas, Gartner and Senauer 2015). This would be especially in a situation when there would be the downswing of demand. Tourism may also lead to the increase in crime like drug pedalling and trafficking. Many poor localities lack the adequate transport and communication that is main basis of support for the growth of tourism Conclusion The main argument of the essay was that the tourism industry plays a significant role in alleviation of poverty. The tourism industry creates employment for the local communities and provides them an opportunity to introduce their culture and talent to the tourists. For the developing countries, especially there is a need to boost the tourism industry and tap the benefits reaped through it as foreign exchange will increase the Gross Nation Product (GNP) of the country. The Kachchh region in Gujarat is a luminous example in this line as it has created benefits for multiple stakeholders. However, thrust on tourism to alleviate poverty can also have its detrimental effects. The advantages reaped through tourism might be limited to the affluent and well-off sections of the society and the benefits are never reached to the poor. Tourism can also pose threat to the cultural assets and natural resources of the poor communities and heighten their problems. The seasonal nature of the industry will not incur sustainable benefits for the poor, therefore exacerbating their conditions in the lean season. Since tourism is contingent on the improvement in transport and communication, poorly developed regions inhabited by the local communities will not be able to reap the benefits incurred through tourism. References Antonakakis, N., Dragouni, M. and Filis, G., 2015. How strong is the linkage between tourism and economic growth in Europe?.Economic Modelling,44, pp.142-155. Brako, P. and Joseph, S.T., 2017. Study on How Economic Reforms Have Affected Tourism in India over the Decade. Chen, C.C., Petrick, J.F. and Shahvali, M., 2016. 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